IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v17y2025i11p5218-d1672847.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Optimal Multi-Period Manufacturing–Remanufacturing–Transport Planning in Carbon Conscious Supply Chain: An Approach Based on Prediction and Optimization

Author

Listed:
  • Basma Abassi

    (Laboratoire de Génie Informatique, de Production et de Maintenance, Université de Loraine, 54000 Nancy, France)

  • Sadok Turki

    (Laboratoire de Génie Informatique, de Production et de Maintenance, Université de Loraine, 54000 Nancy, France)

  • Sofiene Dellagi

    (Laboratoire de Génie Informatique, de Production et de Maintenance, Université de Loraine, 54000 Nancy, France)

Abstract

This paper presents a joint optimization framework for multi-period planning in a Manufacturing–Remanufacturing–Transport Supply Chain (MRTSC), focusing on carbon emission reduction and economic efficiency. A novel Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model is developed to coordinate procurement, production, remanufacturing, transportation, and returns under environmental constraints, aligned with carbon tax policies and the Paris Agreement. To address uncertainty in future demand and the number of returned used products (NRUP), a two-stage approach combining forecasting and optimization is applied. Among several predictive methods evaluated, a hybrid SARIMA/VAR model is selected for its accuracy. The MILP model, implemented in CPLEX, generates optimal decisions based on these forecasts. A case study demonstrates notable improvements in cost efficiency and emission reduction over traditional approaches. The results show that the proposed model consistently maintained strong service levels through flexible planning and responsive transport scheduling, minimizing both unmet demand and inventory excesses throughout the planning horizon. Additionally, the findings indicate that carbon taxation caused a sharp drop in profit with only limited emission reductions, highlighting the need for parallel support for cleaner technologies and more integrated sustainability strategies. The analysis further reveals a clear trade-off between emission reduction and operational performance, as stricter carbon limits lead to lower profitability and service levels despite environmental gains.

Suggested Citation

  • Basma Abassi & Sadok Turki & Sofiene Dellagi, 2025. "Optimal Multi-Period Manufacturing–Remanufacturing–Transport Planning in Carbon Conscious Supply Chain: An Approach Based on Prediction and Optimization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-34, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:11:p:5218-:d:1672847
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/11/5218/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/11/5218/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Elham Koohikeradeh & Silvio Jose Gumiere & Hossein Bonakdari, 2025. "NDMI-Derived Field-Scale Soil Moisture Prediction Using ERA5 and LSTM for Precision Agriculture," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-24, March.
    2. Katherinne Salas-Navarro & Lia Castro-García & Karolay Assan-Barrios & Karen Vergara-Bujato & Ronald Zamora-Musa, 2024. "Reverse Logistics and Sustainability: A Bibliometric Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-32, June.
    3. Wang, Jing & Rickman, Dan S. & Yu, Yihua, 2022. "Dynamics between global value chain participation, CO2 emissions, and economic growth: Evidence from a panel vector autoregression model," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    4. Mohammed Alkahtani & Aiman Ziout & Bashir Salah & Moath Alatefi & Abd Elatty E. Abd Elgawad & Ahmed Badwelan & Umar Syarif, 2021. "An Insight into Reverse Logistics with a Focus on Collection Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-22, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Luo, Heng & Sun, Ying & Tao, Xiaosha & Tan, Wenwu & Kamarudin, Fakarudin, 2024. "Effects of global value chains on energy efficiency in G20 countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    2. P., Jithin & Ashraf, Sania, 2023. "Global value chain participation and CO2 emissions: Does economic growth matter? New evidence from dynamic panel threshold regression," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    3. He, Xu & Sun, Shiquan & Leong, Lin Woon & Cong, Phan The & Abu-Rumman, Ayman & Halteh, Khaled, 2023. "Does clean energy and technological innovation matter for economic growth? An Asian countries perspective," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 1195-1208.
    4. Xu Wang & Xiang Su & Ke Bi, 2023. "Achieving Synergies of Carbon Emission Reduction, Cost Savings, and Asset Investments in China’s Industrial Sector: Towards Sustainable Practices," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-21, July.
    5. Zhang, Zhenhua & Wu, Huangbin & Zhang, Yunpeng & Hu, Shilei & Pan, Yuxi & Feng, Yanchao, 2024. "Does digital global value chain participation reduce energy resilience? Evidence from 49 countries worldwide," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).
    6. Niu, Xiaotong & Lin, Changao & He, Shanshan & Yang, Youcai, 2025. "Artificial intelligence and enterprise pollution emissions: From the perspective of energy transition," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    7. Harshad Sonar & Ayon Mukherjee & Angappa Gunasekaran & Rajesh Kr Singh, 2022. "Sustainable supply chain management of automotive sector in context to the circular economy: A strategic framework," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(7), pages 3635-3648, November.
    8. Shun Jia Liu & Jianping Li & Dengsheng Wu & Xiaoqian Zhu & Xin Long Xu, 2024. "Risk spillovers of carbon emissions in international trade: the role of disembodied technology communications," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-16, December.
    9. Oluwatobi Mary Owojori & Chioma Sylvia Okoro & Nicholas Chileshe, 2021. "Current Status and Emerging Trends on the Adaptive Reuse of Buildings: A Bibliometric Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-17, October.
    10. Guangyao Deng & Siqian Hou & Yuting Liu, 2024. "Study on the Impact of National Value Chain Embeddings on the Embodied Carbon Emissions of Chinese Provinces," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-20, November.
    11. Xie, Pinjie & Gong, Ningyu & Sun, Feihu & Li, Pin & Pan, Xianyou, 2023. "What factors contribute to the extent of decoupling economic growth and energy carbon emissions in China?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    12. Can Li & Qi He & Han Ji & Shengguo Yu & Jiao Wang, 2023. "Reexamining the Impact of Global Value Chain Participation on Regional Economic Growth: New Evidence Based on a Nonlinear Model and Spatial Spillover Effects with Panel Data from Chinese Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-31, September.
    13. Hasara Dissanayake & Nishitha Perera & Sajani Abeykoon & Diruni Samson & Ruwan Jayathilaka & Maneka Jayasinghe & Shanta Yapa, 2023. "Nexus between carbon emissions, energy consumption, and economic growth: Evidence from global economies," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 18(6), pages 1-27, June.
    14. Sina Abbasi & Babek Erdebilli, 2023. "Green Closed-Loop Supply Chain Networks’ Response to Various Carbon Policies during COVID-19," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-30, February.
    15. Marcela Malindzakova & Jana Štofková & Milan Majernik, 2022. "Economic–Environmental Performance of Reverse Logistics of Disposable Beverage Packaging," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-12, June.
    16. Smith, Matthew & Christopoulos, Dimitris, 2025. "GVC participation and carbon emissions – A network analysis," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    17. Jingjing Zhang & Qian Zhou & Min Cao & Hong Liu, 2022. "Spatiotemporal Change of Eco-Environmental Quality in the Oasis City and Its Correlation with Urbanization Based on RSEI : A Case Study of Urumqi, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-21, July.
    18. Denilson Ricardo de Lucena Nunes & Danyelle de Sousa Nascimento & Jennifer Rodrigues Matos & André Cristiano Silva Melo & Vitor William Batista Martins & Antônio Erlindo Braga, 2023. "Approaches to Performance Assessment in Reverse Supply Chains: A Systematic Literature Review," Logistics, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-15, June.
    19. Sílvia Patrícia Rodrigues & Leonardo de Carvalho Gomes & Fernanda Araújo Pimentel Peres & Ricardo Gonçalves de Faria Correa & Ismael Cristofer Baierle, 2025. "A Framework for Leveraging Digital Technologies in Reverse Logistics Actions: A Systematic Literature Review," Logistics, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-21, April.
    20. Ma, Dan & Tang, Jiaqi & Jiang, Xuemei, 2023. "Effects of digital global value chain participation on CO2 emissions embodied in digital exports: New evidence from PSTR approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:11:p:5218-:d:1672847. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.