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Legal and Economic Framework for Carbon Farming and Carbon Certificates in the EU Using the Example of Poland

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  • Piotr Gołasa

    (Institute of Economics and Finance, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Wioletta Bieńkowska-Gołasa

    (Institute of Economics and Finance, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Piotr Cyrek

    (Institute of Economics and Finance, University of Rzeszow, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland)

  • Magdalena Cyrek

    (Institute of Economics and Finance, University of Rzeszow, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland)

Abstract

The main objective of this article is to define the current legal and economic framework for conducting activities in the field of carbon farming and the carbon certificate system in Poland. The research was conducted using desk research, and the legal acts in force in the EU and in Poland, as well as planned ones, were analyzed. The statistical data from Eurostat, the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN), Statistics Poland, and The Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture (ARMA) were analyzed. In the European Union, agriculture is responsible for 11% of all greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, while in Poland, where the vast majority of these emissions are related to animal production, it is responsible for 8.5%. To ensure sustainable growth, it is necessary to reduce GHG emissions from agriculture. Work is underway in the EU to prepare legal regulations specifying the principles of carbon farming and introducing carbon certificates. The shape of this system is not yet precise, disputes within the EU bodies are related to the system of financing carbon farming, and certification principles. The presented assumptions raise great doubts among scientists. However, a voluntary certification system is in operation and starting to be used by Polish farmers. In Poland, from 2023, carbon farming is directly linked to the Strategic Plan for the Common Agricultural Policy, where PLN 2.78 billion has been allocated for the “Carbon farming and nutrient management” eco-scheme, which constitutes 64% of the funds for financing eco-schemes. The carbon farming system requires further strengthening and development. The most important factor was considered to be increasing the involvement of farmers, through appropriate financial incentives and increasing their knowledge. Further research directions should focus on long-term economic aspects in addition to environmental and technical aspects.

Suggested Citation

  • Piotr Gołasa & Wioletta Bieńkowska-Gołasa & Piotr Cyrek & Magdalena Cyrek, 2024. "Legal and Economic Framework for Carbon Farming and Carbon Certificates in the EU Using the Example of Poland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-17, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2024:i:1:p:232-:d:1557752
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Anita Wreford & Ada Ignaciuk & Guillaume Gruère, 2017. "Overcoming barriers to the adoption of climate-friendly practices in agriculture," OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers 101, OECD Publishing.
    2. Berit Hasler & Mette Termansen & Helle Ørsted Nielsen & Carsten Daugbjerg & Sven Wunder & Uwe Latacz-Lohmann, 2022. "European Agri-environmental Policy: Evolution, Effectiveness, and Challenges," Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 16(1), pages 105-125.
    3. Sam Van Hoof, 2023. "Climate Change Mitigation in Agriculture: Barriers to the Adoption of Carbon Farming Policies in the EU," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-17, July.
    4. Kerstin Jantke & Martina J. Hartmann & Livia Rasche & Benjamin Blanz & Uwe A. Schneider, 2020. "Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Knowledge and Positions of German Farmers," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-13, April.
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