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Optimizing Energy Arbitrage: Benchmark Models for LFP Battery Dynamic Activation Costs in Reactive Balancing Market

Author

Listed:
  • Samuel O. Ezennaya

    (Department of Electrical Energy Storage Technology (EET), Institute of Energy and Automation, Technical University Berlin, Einsteinufer 11, 10587 Berlin, Germany)

  • Julia Kowal

    (Department of Electrical Energy Storage Technology (EET), Institute of Energy and Automation, Technical University Berlin, Einsteinufer 11, 10587 Berlin, Germany)

Abstract

This study introduces a novel benchmark model for lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries in reactive energy imbalance markets, filling a notable gap by incorporating comprehensive operational parameters and market dynamics that are overlooked by conventional models. Addressing the absence of a holistic benchmark for energy-storage systems in electricity markets, this research focuses on the integration of LFP batteries, considering their unique characteristics and market responsiveness. Regression and regularization techniques, coupled with temporal cross-validation, were employed to ensure model robustness and accuracy in predicting energy trading outcomes. This methodological approach allows for a nuanced analysis of battery degradation, power capacity, energy content, and real-time market prices. The model, validated using Belgium’s system imbalance market data from the 2020–2023 period, incorporates both capital and operational expenditures to assess the economic and operational viability of LFP battery energy-storage systems (BESSs). The findings reveal that considering a broader range of operational parameters in energy arbitrage, beyond just the usual energy prices and round-trip efficiency, significantly influences the cost-effectiveness and performance benchmarking of energy storage solutions. This paper advocates for the strategic use of LFP batteries in energy markets, highlighting their potential to enhance grid stability and energy trading profitability. The proposed benchmark model serves as a critical tool for energy traders, providing a detailed framework for informed decision making in the evolving landscape of energy storage technologies.

Suggested Citation

  • Samuel O. Ezennaya & Julia Kowal, 2024. "Optimizing Energy Arbitrage: Benchmark Models for LFP Battery Dynamic Activation Costs in Reactive Balancing Market," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-31, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:9:p:3645-:d:1383712
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yu Hu & Miguel Armada & Maria Jesus Sanchez, 2021. "Potential utilization of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) in the major European electricity markets," Papers 2112.09816, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2022.
    2. Hu, Yu & Armada, Miguel & Jesús Sánchez, María, 2022. "Potential utilization of battery energy storage systems (BESS) in the major European electricity markets," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    3. Nottrott, A. & Kleissl, J. & Washom, B., 2013. "Energy dispatch schedule optimization and cost benefit analysis for grid-connected, photovoltaic-battery storage systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 230-240.
    4. Sani Hassan, Abubakar & Cipcigan, Liana & Jenkins, Nick, 2017. "Optimal battery storage operation for PV systems with tariff incentives," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 422-441.
    5. Martins, Jason & Miles, John, 2021. "A techno-economic assessment of battery business models in the UK electricity market," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 148(PB).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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