IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v16y2024i20p8752-d1495748.html

Optimizing the Operation of Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings (GEBs) Using Machine Learning

Author

Listed:
  • Czarina Copiaco

    (School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK)

  • Mutasim Nour

    (School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK)

Abstract

The building sector constitutes 40% of global electric energy consumption, making it vital to address for achieving the global net-zero emissions goal by 2050. This study focuses on enhancing electric load forecasting systems’ performance and interactivity by investigating the impact of weather and building usage parameters. Hourly electricity meter readings from a Texas university campus building (2012–2015) were employed, applying pre-processing techniques and machine learning algorithms such as linear regression, decision trees, and support vector machines using MATLAB R2023a. Exponential Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) showed the best performance at a one-year training data size, yielding an average normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) value of 0.52%, equivalent to a 0.3% reduction compared to leading methods. The developed system is presented through an interactive GUI and allows for prediction of external factors like PV and EV integration. Through a case study implementation, the combined system achieves 12.8% energy savings over a typical year simulated using ETAP 22 and Trimble ProDesign software version 2021.0.19. This holistic solution precisely models the electric demand management scenario of grid-interactive efficient buildings (GEBs), simultaneously enhancing reliability and flexibility to accommodate diverse applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Czarina Copiaco & Mutasim Nour, 2024. "Optimizing the Operation of Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings (GEBs) Using Machine Learning," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-18, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:20:p:8752-:d:1495748
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/20/8752/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/20/8752/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Eva Schito & Elena Lucchi, 2023. "Advances in the Optimization of Energy Use in Buildings," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-3, September.
    2. Lusis, Peter & Khalilpour, Kaveh Rajab & Andrew, Lachlan & Liebman, Ariel, 2017. "Short-term residential load forecasting: Impact of calendar effects and forecast granularity," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 654-669.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hu, Jiaxiang & Hu, Weihao & Cao, Di & Sun, Xinwu & Chen, Jianjun & Huang, Yuehui & Chen, Zhe & Blaabjerg, Frede, 2024. "Probabilistic net load forecasting based on transformer network and Gaussian process-enabled residual modeling learning method," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    2. Bhattacharjee, Vikram & Khan, Irfan, 2018. "A non-linear convex cost model for economic dispatch in microgrids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 637-648.
    3. Yukseltan, E. & Kok, A. & Yucekaya, A. & Bilge, A. & Aktunc, E. Agca & Hekimoglu, M., 2022. "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and behavioral restrictions on electricity consumption and the daily demand curve in Turkey," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    4. Burleyson, Casey D. & Rahman, Aowabin & Rice, Jennie S. & Smith, Amanda D. & Voisin, Nathalie, 2021. "Multiscale effects masked the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on electricity demand in the United States," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    5. Pesantez, Jorge E. & Li, Binbin & Lee, Christopher & Zhao, Zhizhen & Butala, Mark & Stillwell, Ashlynn S., 2023. "A Comparison Study of Predictive Models for Electricity Demand in a Diverse Urban Environment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    6. Minseok Jang & Hyun Cheol Jeong & Taegon Kim & Dong Hee Suh & Sung-Kwan Joo, 2021. "Empirical Analysis of the Impact of COVID-19 Social Distancing on Residential Electricity Consumption Based on Demographic Characteristics and Load Shape," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-15, November.
    7. Shepero, Mahmoud & van der Meer, Dennis & Munkhammar, Joakim & Widén, Joakim, 2018. "Residential probabilistic load forecasting: A method using Gaussian process designed for electric load data," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C), pages 159-172.
    8. Francesco Mancini & Gianluigi Lo Basso & Livio de Santoli, 2019. "Energy Use in Residential Buildings: Impact of Building Automation Control Systems on Energy Performance and Flexibility," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-21, July.
    9. Thomas Steens & Jan-Simon Telle & Benedikt Hanke & Karsten von Maydell & Carsten Agert & Gian-Luca Di Modica & Bernd Engel & Matthias Grottke, 2021. "A Forecast-Based Load Management Approach for Commercial Buildings Demonstrated on an Integration of BEV," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-25, June.
    10. Wenhui Zhao & Tong Li & Danyang Xu & Zhaohua Wang, 2024. "A global forecasting method of heterogeneous household short-term load based on pre-trained autoencoder and deep-LSTM model," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 339(1), pages 227-259, August.
    11. Zhang, Jinliang & Siya, Wang & Zhongfu, Tan & Anli, Sun, 2023. "An improved hybrid model for short term power load prediction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    12. Wang, Yishi & Jin, Andrew S. & Sanders, Kelly T., 2026. "A systematic review of literature utilizing residential smart meter data," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    13. Khoshrou, Abdolrahman & Pauwels, Eric J., 2019. "Short-term scenario-based probabilistic load forecasting: A data-driven approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 1258-1268.
    14. Ali K k & Erg n Y kseltan & Mustafa Hekimo lu & Esra Agca Aktunc & Ahmet Y cekaya & Ay e Bilge, 2022. "Forecasting Hourly Electricity Demand Under COVID-19 Restrictions," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 12(1), pages 73-85.
    15. Sekhar, Charan & Dahiya, Ratna, 2023. "Robust framework based on hybrid deep learning approach for short term load forecasting of building electricity demand," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    16. Zang, Haixiang & Xu, Ruiqi & Cheng, Lilin & Ding, Tao & Liu, Ling & Wei, Zhinong & Sun, Guoqiang, 2021. "Residential load forecasting based on LSTM fusing self-attention mechanism with pooling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    17. Hussain, I. & Ali, S.M. & Khan, B. & Ullah, Z. & Mehmood, C.A. & Jawad, M. & Farid, U. & Haider, A., 2019. "Stochastic Wind Energy Management Model within smart grid framework: A joint Bi-directional Service Level Agreement (SLA) between smart grid and Wind Energy District Prosumers," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 1017-1033.
    18. Iuri C. Figueiró & Alzenira R. Abaide & Nelson K. Neto & Leonardo N. F. Silva & Laura L. C. Santos, 2023. "Bottom-Up Short-Term Load Forecasting Considering Macro-Region and Weighting by Meteorological Region," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-21, September.
    19. Fan, Cheng & Wang, Jiayuan & Gang, Wenjie & Li, Shenghan, 2019. "Assessment of deep recurrent neural network-based strategies for short-term building energy predictions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C), pages 700-710.
    20. Wang, Qiang & Song, Xiaoxing & Li, Rongrong, 2018. "A novel hybridization of nonlinear grey model and linear ARIMA residual correction for forecasting U.S. shale oil production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 1320-1331.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:20:p:8752-:d:1495748. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.