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Tourist Nomads, Leisure Constraints, and Social Cohesion: A Study on International Students Living in Istanbul

Author

Listed:
  • Ali Selman Özdemir

    (Faculty of Sports Sciences, Istanbul Aydın University, İnönü Street, No. 38, 34295 Istanbul, Turkey)

  • Bekir Erhan Orhan

    (Faculty of Sports Sciences, Istanbul Aydın University, İnönü Street, No. 38, 34295 Istanbul, Turkey)

  • Aydın Karaçam

    (Faculty of Sports Sciences, Istanbul Aydın University, İnönü Street, No. 38, 34295 Istanbul, Turkey)

  • Ahmed Malka

    (Faculty of Sports Sciences, Istanbul Aydın University, İnönü Street, No. 38, 34295 Istanbul, Turkey)

  • Dragos Horia Buhociu

    (Faculty of Urbanism, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urban Planning, Academiei Street, No. 18-20, 010014 București, Romania)

  • Teodora Mihaela Iconomescu

    (Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Dunărea de Jos University, Domneasca Street, No. 47, 800008 Galati, Romania)

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the social cohesion and leisure constraints among international students studying in Istanbul. The research follows a descriptive study design using a relational survey model, and the sample was selected using the convenience sampling method. The study included a total of 584 participants, with 231 females (39.6%) and 353 males (60.4%), ranging in age from 21 to 56, who were studying at various universities in Istanbul (X̅ age = 26.71, sd = 3.36). The data collection tool used in this research consisted of two parts. The first part included questions related to demographic characteristics and recreational participation habits. The second part utilized the Leisure Constraints Questionnaire-Short Form (LCQ-SF) and the Socio-Cultural Adaptation Scale-Revised (SCAS-R). Descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with multiple comparisons, ANOVA tests, and Pearson Correlation tests were employed in the data analysis. Statistical analyses were performed at a 95% confidence interval with a significance level set at p = 0.05. The research findings indicate differences in the socio-cultural adaptation scale and leisure constraint scale scores of international students based on the type of university, regular engagement in recreational activities, membership in social clubs or student societies, and the program of study. Furthermore, the results reveal that as the duration of stay in Turkey increased, the students demonstrated higher socio-cultural adaptation skills while experiencing more leisure constraints with increasing age.

Suggested Citation

  • Ali Selman Özdemir & Bekir Erhan Orhan & Aydın Karaçam & Ahmed Malka & Dragos Horia Buhociu & Teodora Mihaela Iconomescu, 2023. "Tourist Nomads, Leisure Constraints, and Social Cohesion: A Study on International Students Living in Istanbul," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-11, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:9:p:7533-:d:1139355
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Joseph Chan & Ho-Pong To & Elaine Chan, 2006. "Reconsidering Social Cohesion: Developing a Definition and Analytical Framework for Empirical Research," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 75(2), pages 273-302, January.
    2. George Danut Mocanu & Gabriel Murariu & Dan Munteanu, 2021. "The Influence of Socio-Demographic Factors on the Forms of Leisure for the Students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-24, November.
    3. Balan Rathakrishnan & Soon Singh Bikar Singh & Mohammad Rahim Kamaluddin & Mohd Fahmi Ghazali & Azizi Yahaya & Noor Hassline Mohamed & Anath Rau Krishnan, 2021. "Homesickness and Socio-Cultural Adaptation towards Perceived Stress among International Students of a Public University in Sabah: An Exploration Study for Social Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-13, April.
    4. Carmen-Mihaela Cretu & Anca-Gabriela Turtureanu & Carmen-Gabriela Sirbu & Florentina Chitu & Emanuel Ştefan Marinescu & Laurentiu-Gabriel Talaghir & Daniela Monica Robu, 2021. "Tourists’ Perceptions Regarding Traveling for Recreational or Leisure Purposes in Times of Health Crisis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-24, July.
    5. Nahyun Lee & Bong-Seok Kim, 2021. "International Student Engagement for Sustainability of Leisure Participation: An Integrated Approach of Means-End Chain and Acculturation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-18, April.
    6. David Schiefer & Jolanda Noll, 2017. "The Essentials of Social Cohesion: A Literature Review," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 132(2), pages 579-603, June.
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