IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i9p7445-d1137634.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Assessing Public Acceptance of Autonomous Vehicles for Smart and Sustainable Public Transportation in Urban Areas: A Case Study of Jakarta, Indonesia

Author

Listed:
  • Charli Sitinjak

    (Faculty of Psychology, Esa Unggul University, Jakarta 11510, Indonesia
    Centre for Research in Psychology and Human Well-Being (PSiTra), Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Zurinah Tahir

    (Research Centre for Development, Social, and Environment, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Mohd Ekhwan Toriman

    (Research Centre for Development, Social, and Environment, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Novel Lyndon

    (Research Centre for Development, Social, and Environment, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Vladimir Simic

    (Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 110110 Belgrade, Serbia)

  • Charles Musselwhite

    (Transport and Health Integrated Research Network (THINK) and Psychology Department, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3FL, UK)

  • Wiyanti Fransisca Simanullang

    (Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta Pusat 10340, Indonesia
    Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Pakuwon 60112, Indonesia)

  • Firdaus Mohamad Hamzah

    (Department of Mathematics, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Selangor, Malaysia)

Abstract

This study examines the benefits and drawbacks of autonomous public transit vehicles among 210 Indonesians. Some 25% of respondents knew nothing about driverless vehicles, whereas 14% did. The average 5-point Likert scale response was 3.12 (SD = 1.05), indicating intermediate expertise. Some 42% of respondents used autonomous vehicle sources such as public transport, 47% had no experience, and 11% were doubtful. The survey items’ Cronbach’s alpha score is 0.873, indicating strong internal consistency and reliability. Most respondents supported the deployment of autonomous road vehicles for public transportation and said they would improve public transportation quality and accessibility. Technical issues and legal liabilities worried responders. The mean scores for the seven autonomous car benefits were similar, showing that respondents did not strongly prefer any benefit. After assessing the socioeconomic status and concerns, the study indicated that people who saw greater benefits were more tolerant of autonomous vehicles. Most respondents also wanted a clearer explanation of their legal responsibilities in case of an accident, thought human operators should play a major role in the future, and supported government trials of autonomous vehicles before their widespread usage. The study’s findings can help policymakers and stakeholders increase public acceptance of new transportation solutions such as autonomous vehicles, and improve future mobility safety and sustainability.

Suggested Citation

  • Charli Sitinjak & Zurinah Tahir & Mohd Ekhwan Toriman & Novel Lyndon & Vladimir Simic & Charles Musselwhite & Wiyanti Fransisca Simanullang & Firdaus Mohamad Hamzah, 2023. "Assessing Public Acceptance of Autonomous Vehicles for Smart and Sustainable Public Transportation in Urban Areas: A Case Study of Jakarta, Indonesia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-20, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:9:p:7445-:d:1137634
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/9/7445/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/9/7445/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. dos Santos, Fabio Luis Marques & Duboz, Amandine & Grosso, Monica & Raposo, María Alonso & Krause, Jette & Mourtzouchou, Andromachi & Balahur, Alexandra & Ciuffo, Biagio, 2022. "An acceptance divergence? Media, citizens and policy perspectives on autonomous cars in the European Union," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 224-238.
    2. Sindi, Safaa & Woodman, Roger, 2021. "Implementing commercial autonomous road haulage in freight operations: An industry perspective," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 235-253.
    3. Yutong Cai & Hua Wang & Ghim Ping Ong & Qiang Meng & Der-Horng Lee, 2019. "Investigating user perception on autonomous vehicle (AV) based mobility-on-demand (MOD) services in Singapore using the logit kernel approach," Transportation, Springer, vol. 46(6), pages 2063-2080, December.
    4. Penmetsa, Praveena & Adanu, Emmanuel Kofi & Wood, Dustin & Wang, Teng & Jones, Steven L., 2019. "Perceptions and expectations of autonomous vehicles – A snapshot of vulnerable road user opinion," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 9-13.
    5. Paddeu, Daniela & Shergold, Ian & Parkhurst, Graham, 2020. "The social perspective on policy towards local shared autonomous vehicle services (LSAVS)," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 116-126.
    6. Nur Hasna Che Had & Khadijah Alavi & Noremy Md Akhir & Irina Riyanti Muhammad Nur & Muhammad Shakir Zufayri Shuhaimi & Hui Foh Foong, 2023. "A Scoping Review of the Factor Associated with Older Adults’ Mobility Barriers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-19, February.
    7. Hussain, Qinaat & Alhajyaseen, Wael K.M. & Adnan, Muhammad & Almallah, Mustafa & Almukdad, Abdulkarim & Alqaradawi, Mohammed, 2021. "Autonomous vehicles between anticipation and apprehension: Investigations through safety and security perceptions," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 440-451.
    8. Diana Khan & Akimasa Fujiwara & Yoram Shiftan & Makoto Chikaraishi & Einat Tenenboim & Thi Anh Hong Nguyen, 2022. "Risk Perceptions and Public Acceptance of Autonomous Vehicles: A Comparative Study in Japan and Israel," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-21, August.
    9. Xiao, Jingyi & Goulias, Konstadinos G., 2022. "Perceived usefulness and intentions to adopt autonomous vehicles," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 170-185.
    10. Kassens-Noor, Eva & Cai, Meng & Kotval-Karamchandani, Zeenat & Decaminada, Travis, 2021. "Autonomous vehicles and mobility for people with special needs," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 385-397.
    11. Norhuda Salim & Mohd Nizam Ab Rahman & Dzuraidah Abd Wahab & Ariff Azly Muhamed, 2020. "Influence of Social Media Usage on the Green Product Innovation of Manufacturing Firms through Environmental Collaboration," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-17, October.
    12. Kum Fai Yuen & Do Thi Khanh Huyen & Xueqin Wang & Guanqiu Qi, 2020. "Factors Influencing the Adoption of Shared Autonomous Vehicles," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-17, July.
    13. Mohamed Alawadhi & Jumah Almazrouie & Mohammed Kamil & Khalil Abdelrazek Khalil, 2020. "A systematic literature review of the factors influencing the adoption of autonomous driving," International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, Springer;The Society for Reliability, Engineering Quality and Operations Management (SREQOM),India, and Division of Operation and Maintenance, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden, vol. 11(6), pages 1065-1082, December.
    14. Xing, Yingying & Zhou, Huiyu & Han, Xiao & Zhang, Meng & Lu, Jian, 2022. "What influences vulnerable road users’ perceptions of autonomous vehicles? A comparative analysis of the 2017 and 2019 Pittsburgh surveys," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    15. Saeid Jafarzadeh Ghoushchi & Mohd Nizam Ab Rahman & Moein Soltanzadeh & Muhammad Zeeshan Rafique & Hernadewita & Fatemeh Yadegar Marangalo & Ahmad Rasdan Ismail, 2023. "Assessing Sustainable Passenger Transportation Systems to Address Climate Change Based on MCDM Methods in an Uncertain Environment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-22, February.
    16. Ramon Palau-Saumell & Santiago Forgas-Coll & Javier Sánchez-García & Emilio Robres, 2019. "User Acceptance of Mobile Apps for Restaurants: An Expanded and Extended UTAUT-2," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-24, February.
    17. Kum Fai Yuen & Grace Chua & Xueqin Wang & Fei Ma & Kevin X. Li, 2020. "Understanding Public Acceptance of Autonomous Vehicles Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-19, June.
    18. Berrada, Jaâfar & Mouhoubi, Ilyes & Christoforou, Zoi, 2020. "Factors of successful implementation and diffusion of services based on autonomous vehicles: users’ acceptance and operators’ profitability," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    19. Pol Camps-Aragó & Laura Temmerman & Wim Vanobberghen & Simon Delaere, 2022. "Encouraging the Sustainable Adoption of Autonomous Vehicles for Public Transport in Belgium: Citizen Acceptance, Business Models, and Policy Aspects," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-26, January.
    20. Fábio Duarte & Carlo Ratti, 2018. "The Impact of Autonomous Vehicles on Cities: A Review," Journal of Urban Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(4), pages 3-18, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yining Suo & Chenglong Li & Li Tang & Longyang Huang, 2024. "Exploring AAM Acceptance in Tourism: Environmental Consciousness’s Influence on Hedonic Motivation and Intention to Use," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-22, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jen Sim Ho & Booi Chen Tan & Teck Chai Lau & Nasreen Khan, 2023. "Public Acceptance towards Emerging Autonomous Vehicle Technology: A Bibliometric Research," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-18, January.
    2. Md. Mokhlesur Rahman & Jean-Claude Thill, 2023. "What Drives People’s Willingness to Adopt Autonomous Vehicles? A Review of Internal and External Factors," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-29, July.
    3. Kum Fai Yuen & Ling Qian Choo & Xue Li & Yiik Diew Wong & Fei Ma & Xueqin Wang, 2023. "A theoretical investigation of user acceptance of autonomous public transport," Transportation, Springer, vol. 50(2), pages 545-569, April.
    4. Wu, Min & Wang, Nanxi & Yuen, Kum Fai, 2023. "Can autonomy level and anthropomorphic characteristics affect public acceptance and trust towards shared autonomous vehicles?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    5. Samuel Chng & Sabreena Anowar & Lynette Cheah, 2022. "Understanding Shared Autonomous Vehicle Preferences: A Comparison between Shuttles, Buses, Ridesharing and Taxis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-14, October.
    6. Wu, Min & Yuen, Kum Fai, 2023. "Initial trust formation on shared autonomous vehicles: Exploring the effects of personality-, transfer- and performance-based stimuli," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    7. Akihiko Katayama & Ayako Hase & Nobuyuki Miyatake, 2023. "Enhancing Driving Ability in Older Adults through Health Exercises and Physical Activity: A Randomized Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(19), pages 1-13, September.
    8. Lindgren, Thomas & Pink, Sarah & Fors, Vaike, 2021. "Fore-sighting autonomous driving - An Ethnographic approach," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    9. Chenhao Zhu & Jonah Susskind & Mario Giampieri & Hazel Backus O’Neil & Alan M. Berger, 2023. "Optimizing Sustainable Suburban Expansion with Autonomous Mobility through a Parametric Design Framework," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-31, September.
    10. Devon McAslan & Farah Najar Arevalo & David A. King & Thaddeus R. Miller, 2021. "Pilot project purgatory? Assessing automated vehicle pilot projects in U.S. cities," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 8(1), pages 1-16, December.
    11. Liliana Andrei & Oana Luca & Florian Gaman, 2022. "Insights from User Preferences on Automated Vehicles: Influence of Socio-Demographic Factors on Value of Time in Romania Case," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-22, August.
    12. Asmussen, Katherine E. & Mondal, Aupal & Bhat, Chandra R., 2022. "Adoption of partially automated vehicle technology features and impacts on vehicle miles of travel (VMT)," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 156-179.
    13. Mishra, Sabyasachee & Sharma, Ishant & Pani, Agnivesh, 2023. "Analyzing autonomous delivery acceptance in food deserts based on shopping travel patterns," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    14. Zohreh Asadi-Shekari & Ismaïl Saadi & Mario Cools, 2022. "Applying Machine Learning to Explore Feelings about Sharing the Road with Autonomous Vehicles as a Bicyclist or as a Pedestrian," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-10, February.
    15. Li, Dun & Huang, Youlin & Qian, Lixian, 2022. "Potential adoption of robotaxi service: The roles of perceived benefits to multiple stakeholders and environmental awareness," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 120-135.
    16. Xinlu Wen & Marios Sotiriadis & Shiwei Shen, 2023. "Determining the Key Drivers for the Acceptance and Usage of AR and VR in Cultural Heritage Monuments," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-24, February.
    17. Li, Xiaomeng & Pooyan Afghari, Amir & Oviedo-Trespalacios, Oscar & Kaye, Sherrie-Anne & Haworth, Narelle, 2023. "Cyclists perception and self-reported behaviour towards interacting with fully automated vehicles," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    18. Tengilimoglu, Oguz & Carsten, Oliver & Wadud, Zia, 2023. "Implications of automated vehicles for physical road environment: A comprehensive review," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    19. Javier Turienzo & Pablo Cabanelas & Jesús F. Lampón, 2022. "The Mobility Industry Trends Through the Lens of the Social Analysis: A Multi-Level Perspective Approach," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(1), pages 21582440211, January.
    20. Foroughi, Behzad & Nhan, Pham Viet & Iranmanesh, Mohammad & Ghobakhloo, Morteza & Nilashi, Mehrbakhsh & Yadegaridehkordi, Elaheh, 2023. "Determinants of intention to use autonomous vehicles: Findings from PLS-SEM and ANFIS," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:9:p:7445-:d:1137634. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.