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A Systematic Review of Factors Influencing the Vitality of Public Open Spaces: A Novel Perspective Using Social–Ecological Model (SEM)

Author

Listed:
  • Danning Zhang

    (Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM Skudai, Johor 81310, Malaysia)

  • Gabriel Hoh Teck Ling

    (Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM Skudai, Johor 81310, Malaysia)

  • Siti Hajar binti Misnan

    (Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM Skudai, Johor 81310, Malaysia)

  • Minglu Fang

    (Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM Skudai, Johor 81310, Malaysia)

Abstract

A number of studies address the spatial planning, architectural design, and management of public open spaces (POSs) to curb the overuse of spaces to create high-quality spaces. Little attention has been paid to the problem of underutilization of POSs. Therefore, this paper undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the literature on the factors that influence the vitality of POSs, proposing Bronfenbrenner’s social–ecological model (SEM) as a conceptual framework. In this work, we conducted a systematic literature search using the PRISMA method to screen and select articles from three major databases (Science Web, Elsevier, and Scopus). Thirty-four journal articles from 2000 to 2022 were selected for the final review. This study systematically identifies and classifies a set of variables related to the vitality of POSs and develops an SEM-based framework of factors that influence the vitality of POSs. The framework examines the influence of individual user characteristics, the social environment, the physical environment, and the political environment on the vitality of POSs. Finally, strategies to improve the vitality of POSs are proposed: (1) POSs’ optimization and promotion strategies should be developed gradually, starting from the most basic needs, stage by stage; (2) To improve the vitality of POSs, we should consider both the general public and special groups; (3) Through the synergistic effect between social, material, and policy environments, the comprehensive improvement of POSs’ vitality is achieved. This study provides the latest insights into the vitality of POSs and makes a theoretical contribution by conceptualizing the SEM framework and summarizing the influencing factors at different levels. The study of these factors should also have practical implications, as the results will ultimately provide improvement strategies to help policy-makers and local communities to effectively and sustainably improve the vitality of POSs.

Suggested Citation

  • Danning Zhang & Gabriel Hoh Teck Ling & Siti Hajar binti Misnan & Minglu Fang, 2023. "A Systematic Review of Factors Influencing the Vitality of Public Open Spaces: A Novel Perspective Using Social–Ecological Model (SEM)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-19, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:6:p:5235-:d:1098376
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yiyong Chen & Tao Liu & Xiaohuan Xie & Barbara Goličnik Marušić, 2016. "What Attracts People to Visit Community Open Spaces? A Case Study of the Overseas Chinese Town Community in Shenzhen, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-17, June.
    2. Gabriel Hoh Teck Ling & Pau Chung Leng, 2018. "Ten Steps Qualitative Modelling: Development and Validation of Conceptual Institutional-Social-Ecological Model of Public Open Space (POS) Governance and Quality," Resources, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-23, September.
    3. Jieyuan Zhu & Huiting Lu & Tianchen Zheng & Yuejing Rong & Chenxing Wang & Wen Zhang & Yan Yan & Lina Tang, 2020. "Vitality of Urban Parks and Its Influencing Factors from the Perspective of Recreational Service Supply, Demand, and Spatial Links," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-17, March.
    4. Gabriel Hoh Teck Ling & Pau Chung Leng & Chin Siong Ho, 2019. "Effects of Diverse Property Rights on Rural Neighbourhood Public Open Space (POS) Governance: Evidence from Sabah, Malaysia," Economies, MDPI, vol. 7(2), pages 1-33, June.
    5. Alessandro Liberati & Douglas G Altman & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Cynthia Mulrow & Peter C Gøtzsche & John P A Ioannidis & Mike Clarke & P J Devereaux & Jos Kleijnen & David Moher, 2009. "The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-28, July.
    6. ZENG, Xiangyu, 2020. "Construction of Vitality of Public Space in New Urban Area: A Case Study of Honggutan New District of Nanchang City," Asian Agricultural Research, USA-China Science and Culture Media Corporation, vol. 12(03), March.
    7. Jiangang Shi & Wei Miao & Hongyun Si & Ting Liu, 2021. "Urban Vitality Evaluation and Spatial Correlation Research: A Case Study from Shanghai, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-15, November.
    8. Conghui Zhou & Leshan Fu & Yanwen Xue & Zhijie Wang & Yu Zhang, 2022. "Using multi-source data to understand the factors affecting mini-park visitation in Yancheng," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 49(2), pages 754-770, February.
    9. Eve Burrows & Margaret O’Mahony & Dermot Geraghty, 2018. "How Urban Parks Offer Opportunities for Physical Activity in Dublin, Ireland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-11, April.
    10. Claudia Fongar & Geir Aamodt & Thomas B. Randrup & Ingjerd Solfjeld, 2019. "Does Perceived Green Space Quality Matter? Linking Norwegian Adult Perspectives on Perceived Quality to Motivation and Frequency of Visits," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-16, July.
    11. Bingqin Yu & Wenshu Sun & Jiayuan Wu, 2022. "Analysis of Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Recreational Attraction for POS in Urban Communities: A Case Study of Shanghai," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-15, January.
    12. Yaoyao Zhu & Gabriel Hoh Teck Ling, 2022. "A Systematic Review of Morphological Transformation of Urban Open Spaces: Drivers, Trends, and Methods," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-22, August.
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