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Preparation of Red Iron by Magnetization Roasting-Hydrothermal Method Using Ultra-Low-Grade Limonite

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Listed:
  • Geng Xu

    (Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, No. 2 Kangyang Road, Dongying 257000, China
    Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China)

  • Fei Li

    (College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China)

  • Peipei Jiang

    (Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, No. 2 Kangyang Road, Dongying 257000, China
    Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China)

  • Shiqiu Zhang

    (Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
    College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
    National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resource Utilization, Nankai University, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China)

Abstract

Iron is one of the most important strategic materials in national production, and the demand for iron ore is huge in the world. High quality iron ore reserves have been almost exhausted, and it is necessary to develop a technology that utilizes low-grade iron ore. Limonite is a representative low-grade iron ore due to its complex mineral and elemental composition. In this paper, the union process was employed to separate the iron elements in low-grade limonite. Firstly, a rough iron concentrate was obtained under 1.0 T of magnetic field intensity and −0.074 mm > 94.84% of grinding fineness; then, the rough iron concentrate was magnetization roasted under a temperature of 700 °C, 60 min of retention time, 3 wt% of biochar consumption, and 0.15 T of magnetic field intensity. The grade of iron concentrate was 59.57% and the recovery of iron was 90.72%. Finally, the red iron pigment was produced via a high temperature hydrothermal method in order to increase the additional value of this ultra-low-grade limonite. The optimal parameters were 10.0 g/L of solution acidity, a 200 °C reaction temperature, 5 h of reaction time, and a 6:1 solid-to-liquid ratio. The reaction mechanism was also discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Geng Xu & Fei Li & Peipei Jiang & Shiqiu Zhang, 2023. "Preparation of Red Iron by Magnetization Roasting-Hydrothermal Method Using Ultra-Low-Grade Limonite," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-13, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:6:p:4708-:d:1089763
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Song, Yunting & Wang, Nuo & Yu, Anqi, 2019. "Temporal and spatial evolution of global iron ore supply-demand and trade structure," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    2. Ma, Weimin & Zhu, Xiaoxi & Wang, Miaomiao, 2013. "Forecasting iron ore import and consumption of China using grey model optimized by particle swarm optimization algorithm," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(4), pages 613-620.
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