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Evolution of Ecotourism in Coastal Indigenous Communities: Comparison of the Case Studies of La Ventanilla and La Escobilla in Oaxaca, Mexico

Author

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  • Clara Cordon

    (Departamento de Ingeniería y Gestión Forestal y Ambiental, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Beatriz Carmena

    (Asociación Tartarukus, 28804 Alcalá de Henares, Spain)

  • Martín C. Giménez

    (Departamento de Ingeniería y Gestión Forestal y Ambiental, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • José L. García

    (Departamento de Ingeniería y Gestión Forestal y Ambiental, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Carlos Calderon-Guerrero

    (Departamento de Ingeniería y Gestión Forestal y Ambiental, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

The state of Oaxaca is one of the most economically depressed in Mexico, and this has been recently aggravated by various geopolitical and ecological events that make the lives of its inhabitants even more precarious. There is a strong interest in accelerating the state’s development with sustainable alternatives. Within the neighbouring communities of La Ventanilla and La Escobilla in the Coast of Oaxaca, the promotion of the protection and productive use of sea turtles through ecotourism has been introduced. However, the two communities have observed different socio-economic development rates. This article aims to analyse these two case studies and why La Ventanilla has made ecotourism its livelihood, whereas, in La Escobilla, it has been a source of problems. The objective is, therefore, to analyse the evolution of their ecotourism initiatives and draw a comparison between both communities to understand the differences. This objective was evaluated through surveys, expert observation, and subsequent SWOT analyses (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats). In the next step, TOWS Optimum Strategic Alternative matrices were created to establish strategies for future proposals. The authors found a clear disparity between the two communities in terms of Strengths—La Ventanilla is 55% higher than La Escobilla— and Weaknesses—La Escobilla is 43% higher than La Ventanilla. The possible suggested causes could be “sanctuary status”, “urban planning”, “different origins of the problems”, “diversification of the ecotourism product”, and “external focus”. Consequently, community empowerment, sustainable urban planning, the creation of a diversification plan for ecotourism activities, or a dissemination strategy, in addition to project proposals with external research organisations and NGOs, are considered essential strategies for the success of the ecotourism plan and thus for the sustainable development and conservation of sea turtles.

Suggested Citation

  • Clara Cordon & Beatriz Carmena & Martín C. Giménez & José L. García & Carlos Calderon-Guerrero, 2023. "Evolution of Ecotourism in Coastal Indigenous Communities: Comparison of the Case Studies of La Ventanilla and La Escobilla in Oaxaca, Mexico," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-21, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:3:p:2207-:d:1046069
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sangmin Lee & Donghan Kim & Sunwoo Park & Wonseok Lee, 2021. "A Study on the Strategic Decision Making Used in the Revitalization of Fishing Village Tourism: Using A’WOT Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-12, July.
    2. Paúl Carrión-Mero & César Borja-Bernal & Gricelda Herrera-Franco & Fernando Morante-Carballo & María Jaya-Montalvo & Alfonso Maldonado-Zamora & Nataly Paz-Salas & Edgar Berrezueta, 2021. "Geosites and Geotourism in the Local Development of Communities of the Andes Mountains. A Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-23, April.
    3. Jenny Escandón-Panchana & Rafael Elao Vallejo & Paulo Escandón-Panchana & Andrés Velastegui-Montoya & Gricelda Herrera-Franco, 2022. "Spatial Planning of the Coastal Marine Socioecological System—Case Study: Punta Carnero, Ecuador," Resources, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-17, August.
    4. Wiratno Wiratno & Susanti Withaningsih & Budhi Gunawan & Johan Iskandar, 2022. "Ecotourism as a Resource Sharing Strategy: Case Study of Community-Based Ecotourism at the Tangkahan Buffer Zone of Leuser National Park, Langkat District, North Sumatra, Indonesia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-18, March.
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