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The Geodiversity of Springs in the Potential Jericho Geopark/Palestine

Author

Listed:
  • Marwan Ghanem

    (Department of Geography, Birzeit University, Ramallah P.O. Box 14, Palestine)

  • África de la Hera-Portillo

    (Centro Nacional Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IGME-CSIC), Ríos Rosas 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain)

  • Alsharifa Hind Mohammad

    (Water, Energy and Environment Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan)

  • Nour-Eddine Laftouhi

    (Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech 40000, Morocco)

  • Badiaa Chulli

    (Water Research and Technologies Centre, University of Carthage, Teknoparc, Carthage 2085, Tunisia)

  • Fagr Kh. Abdel-Gawad

    (Center of Excellence for Research and Applied Studies on Climate Change and Sustainable Development, Water Pollution Research Department, CEAS, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt)

Abstract

The objective of this study is to investigate the hydrogeological and hydrochemical characteristics of the spring aquifer system in the potential Jericho Geopark in Jericho, Palestine. The spring’s hydrochemistry influences the physical and hydrochemical characteristics of Jericho Geopark in qualitative potentials. The springs are used for domestic water supplies and irrigation in Jericho area, which is considered as one of the most important agricultural baskets of the West Bank feeding from the “spring system complex”. From the geological and structural point of view, the area is considered to be complex in relation to the major structural features of faults and folds, which formed during the formation of the Jordan Rift Valley. The physical properties (pH, DO, temperature, TDS and EC) were interpreted. The hydro-chemical concentration major ions of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , K + , Cl − , SO 4 2− , NO 3 − and HCO 3 − were analyzed for the spring water system samples. The dominant spring water type is the calcium bicarbonate due to the dissociation of calcite mineral during the water rock interaction processes. The microbiological parameters of Total and Fecal coliforms were analyzed for the targeted springs and indicates no detected pollution. The hydrochemical characteristics of the spring waters indicate no ion concentration trends. The calculated quality water Index indicated that all springs are of excellent spring water type. The study contributes to the qualitative spring water as a major component to the potential Jericho Geopark in order to have better understanding of the community-based protection practice.

Suggested Citation

  • Marwan Ghanem & África de la Hera-Portillo & Alsharifa Hind Mohammad & Nour-Eddine Laftouhi & Badiaa Chulli & Fagr Kh. Abdel-Gawad, 2022. "The Geodiversity of Springs in the Potential Jericho Geopark/Palestine," Resources, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-18, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jresou:v:11:y:2022:i:12:p:110-:d:989409
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bernardien Tiehatten & Karen Assaf & Marwan Ghanem & Anan Jayyousi & Amer Marei & Erik Mostert & Sameer Shadeed & Gerrit Schoups & Ebel Smidt & Omar Zayed, 2017. "Evaluation of water harvesting and managed aquifer recharge potential in Upper Fara' basin in Palestine: comparing MYWAS and water productivity approaches," International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 16(1/2/3), pages 29-44.
    2. Mohammad Reza Vesali Naseh & Roohollah Noori & Ronny Berndtsson & Jan Adamowski & Elaheh Sadatipour, 2018. "Groundwater Pollution Sources Apportionment in the Ghaen Plain, Iran," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-18, January.
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    4. Gricelda Herrera-Franco & Néstor Montalván-Burbano & Paúl Carrión-Mero & María Jaya-Montalvo & Miguel Gurumendi-Noriega, 2021. "Worldwide Research on Geoparks through Bibliometric Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-32, January.
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