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Biodiesel Production through Rhodotorula toruloides Lipids and Utilization of De-Oiled Biomass for Congo Red Removal

Author

Listed:
  • Mohammed S. Almuhayawi

    (Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Elhagag A. Hassan

    (Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt)

  • Saad Almasaudi

    (Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Nidal Zabermawi

    (Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Esam I. Azhar

    (Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
    Special Infectious Agents Unit—BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Azhar Najjar

    (Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Khalil Alkuwaity

    (Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Turki S. Abujamel

    (Special Infectious Agents Unit—BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
    Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Turki Alamri

    (Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Steve Harakeh

    (King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
    Yousef Abdul Latif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

The current study aimed to investigate the potentiality of yeast isolate Rhodotorula toruloides Y1124 to be used as a feedstock for biodiesel production, and the reutilization of the de-oiled yeast biomass wastes as a biosorbent for the biosorption of Congo red from aquatic solutions was investigated. From screening results, eight yeast isolates were referred to as oleaginous microorganisms, of which yeast isolate Rhodotorula toruloides Y1124 was the highest lipid-accumulating isolate and was used as a feedstock for biodiesel production. The highest lipid accumulation (64.8%) was significantly dependent on the glucose concentration, pH, and incubation temperature according to Plackett–Burman and central composite design results. Under optimized conditions, the estimated amount of biodiesel synthesis from Rhodotorula toruloides biomass represented 82.12% of total analytes. The most prevalent fatty acid methyl esters were hexadecanoic and 11-octadecenoic, comprising 30.04 and 39.36% of total methyl esters which were compatible with plant oils. The optimum biosorption conditions for Congo red removal were pH 6, a 15 min contact time, and an initial dye concentration of 40 mg L −1 . The biosorption isothermal and kinetics fitted well with the Langmuir model and the maximal biosorption capacity (q max ) was 81.697 mg g −1 . Therefore, the current study may offer a sustainable feedstock with potential viability for both the synthesis of biodiesel and the removal of organic dyes.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammed S. Almuhayawi & Elhagag A. Hassan & Saad Almasaudi & Nidal Zabermawi & Esam I. Azhar & Azhar Najjar & Khalil Alkuwaity & Turki S. Abujamel & Turki Alamri & Steve Harakeh, 2023. "Biodiesel Production through Rhodotorula toruloides Lipids and Utilization of De-Oiled Biomass for Congo Red Removal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-22, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:18:p:13412-:d:1235020
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rincón, L.E. & Jaramillo, J.J. & Cardona, C.A., 2014. "Comparison of feedstocks and technologies for biodiesel production: An environmental and techno-economic evaluation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 479-487.
    2. Bao, Wenjun & Li, Zifu & Wang, Xuemei & Gao, Ruiling & Zhou, Xiaoqin & Cheng, Shikun & Men, Yu & Zheng, Lei, 2021. "Approaches to improve the lipid synthesis of oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    3. Jerry L. Holechek & Hatim M. E. Geli & Mohammed N. Sawalhah & Raul Valdez, 2022. "A Global Assessment: Can Renewable Energy Replace Fossil Fuels by 2050?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-22, April.
    4. Abd-Alla, Mohamed Hemida & Bagy, Magdy Mohamed Khalil & Morsy, Fatthy Mohamed & Hassan, Elhagag Ahmed, 2014. "Enhancement of biodiesel, hydrogen and methane generation from molasses by Cunninghamella echinulata and anaerobic bacteria through sequential three-stage fermentation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 543-554.
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