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Water Reuse, a Sustainable Alternative in the Context of Water Scarcity and Climate Change in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area

Author

Listed:
  • Sofia Cordeiro

    (Instituto de Ciências Sociais, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Aníbal Bettencourt 9, 1600-189 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Francesco Ferrario

    (Instituto de Ciências Sociais, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Aníbal Bettencourt 9, 1600-189 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Hugo Xambre Pereira

    (Águas do Tejo Atlântico, S.A., Fábrica de Água de Alcântara, Avenida de Ceuta, 1300-254 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Filipa Ferreira

    (Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • José Saldanha Matos

    (Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal)

Abstract

Water scarcity is a driver for society to rethink water management and change the paradigm of use to a fit-for-purpose approach—i.e., separating potable water for human consumption (drinking, cooking or personal hygiene) from all non-potable uses that do not require the same quality level. In this context, urban water reuse is a relevant tool for municipalities and metropolitan areas when dealing with pressure on water resources, among several alternative water sources that can be considered in a site-specific and integrated manner. Through the available literature and specific case studies in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, this paper explores the benefits and barriers of water reuse and intends to support local authorities in including water reuse in their water management strategies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper focusing on Portugal and the Lisbon Metropolitan Area that globally examines governance, economic, legislative and social aspects regarding water reuse and presents specific implementation examples covering potable and non-potable as well as direct and indirect reuse.

Suggested Citation

  • Sofia Cordeiro & Francesco Ferrario & Hugo Xambre Pereira & Filipa Ferreira & José Saldanha Matos, 2023. "Water Reuse, a Sustainable Alternative in the Context of Water Scarcity and Climate Change in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-19, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:16:p:12578-:d:1220360
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Johan Rockström & Will Steffen & Kevin Noone & Åsa Persson & F. Stuart Chapin & Eric F. Lambin & Timothy M. Lenton & Marten Scheffer & Carl Folke & Hans Joachim Schellnhuber & Björn Nykvist & Cynthia , 2009. "A safe operating space for humanity," Nature, Nature, vol. 461(7263), pages 472-475, September.
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