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Generation Mean Analysis, Heterosis, and Genetic Diversity in Five Egyptian Faba Beans and Their Hybrids

Author

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  • Mohamed S. Abd El-Aty

    (Argonomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafer El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 6860404, Egypt)

  • Mahmoud A. El-Hity

    (Argonomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafer El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 6860404, Egypt)

  • Tharwat M. Abo Sen

    (Food Legumes Program, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt)

  • Ibrahim A. E. Abd El-Rahaman

    (Food Legumes Program, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt)

  • Omar M. Ibrahim

    (Plant Production Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, SRTA-City, Borg El Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt)

  • Ammar Al-Farga

    (Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia)

  • Amira M. El-Tahan

    (Plant Production Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, SRTA-City, Borg El Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt)

Abstract

The faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) is a major legume crop; thus, it is important to apply various biometrical techniques to develop the most efficient breeding procedures to face biotic and abiotic stressors. During the four consecutive winter seasons of 2017–2021, five populations of five faba bean hybrids were studied at Sakha agricultural research station in Egypt. Five basic generations, including two parents (P1 and P2) and the first, second, and third generations, were studied. This analysis found significant variations between generations in all attributes studied in all crosses (P1, P2, F1, F2, and F3). Sakha 4 was the earliest parent (138 days) based on the maturity date, whereas Giza 40 had the most significant number of pods and seeds per plant (25.68–78.94), and Giza 716 had the tallest plant height (124.00 cm). Giza 843 and Sakha 4 had the highest seed yield per plant values (62.84 g and 61.77 g). The data demonstrated highly substantial heterosis in the favorable direction over mid and better parents for all features, except for the number of branches in Cross 3 (Giza 40 × Giza 843) over mid and better parents and a maturity date in Cross 1 over mid parents. Contrarily, opposite-direction dominance and dominance × dominance effects increased narrow-sense heredity. Broad-sense heritability values for all examined characteristics were high in all crosses, ranging from 90.24% to 97.67%. In both Crosses 5 (Giza 716 × Qahera 4) and 3, genetic advance through selection ranged from 1.73% at the maturity date to 95.12% for seed yield per plant. Cross 3 (Giza 40 × Giza 843) had the greatest number of branches, pods, and seeds per plant. In conclusion, this study advances our understanding of employing faba beans in breeding programs.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohamed S. Abd El-Aty & Mahmoud A. El-Hity & Tharwat M. Abo Sen & Ibrahim A. E. Abd El-Rahaman & Omar M. Ibrahim & Ammar Al-Farga & Amira M. El-Tahan, 2023. "Generation Mean Analysis, Heterosis, and Genetic Diversity in Five Egyptian Faba Beans and Their Hybrids," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-17, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:16:p:12313-:d:1215856
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    References listed on IDEAS

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