IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i12p9412-d1168973.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Outbound, Inbound and Domestic Tourism in the Post-COVID-19 Era in OECD Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Moslem Ansarinasab

    (Department of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 77188-97111, Iran)

  • Sayed Saghaian

    (Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA)

Abstract

The relationship between COVID-19 and the tourism industry has important lessons for the post-pandemic period. The tourism industry is undergoing major changes after the pandemic. Analyzing the impact of tourism on the spread of coronavirus around the world may help us to understand how it could be a catalyst for spreading epidemics. To investigate the impact of the tourism industry on the spread of coronavirus, tourism data, as well as cases of coronavirus in the year 2020–2021, were used for OECD countries. The quantile regression method was used to estimate the effects of different types of tourism on the spread of coronavirus. The results showed that, in the first season of 2020, all types of tourists had an impact on the spread of the coronavirus. However, until the end of 2020, only outbound tourism had a significant impact on total deaths caused by the coronavirus, and in 2021, the tourism industry did not have any significant effect on the total deaths caused by the coronavirus. The findings of this article show that prior preparedness, comprehensive guidelines and roadmaps, and the establishment of international travel monitoring agencies are required to assess global constraints in critical situations. Advanced systems for controlling domestic travel in a country at a time of contagious diseases are essential.

Suggested Citation

  • Moslem Ansarinasab & Sayed Saghaian, 2023. "Outbound, Inbound and Domestic Tourism in the Post-COVID-19 Era in OECD Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-19, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:12:p:9412-:d:1168973
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/12/9412/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/12/9412/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Anna Para & Timo Ohnmacht, 2023. "From Over-Tourism to Zero Tourism: Opportunities for a New Beginning?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-2, May.
    2. Tamara Gajić & Filip Đoković & Ivana Blešić & Marko D. Petrović & Milan M. Radovanović & Dragan Vukolić & Marija Mandarić & Goran Dašić & Julia A. Syromiatnikova & Andrej Mićović, 2023. "Pandemic Boosts Prospects for Recovery of Rural Tourism in Serbia," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-20, March.
    3. Sanja Kovačić & Marija Cimbaljević & Tatyana N. Tretyakova & Yulia A. Syromiatnikova & Blanca García Henche & Marko D. Petrović & Ivana Blešić & Tatjana Pivac & Dunja Demirović Bajrami & Tamara Gajić, 2023. "How Has COVID-19 Changed the Way We Travel? Exploring Tourist Personality, Reactions to the Perceived Risk and Change in Travel Behavior," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-20, January.
    4. Shaddady, Ali & Moore, Tomoe, 2019. "Investigation of the effects of financial regulation and supervision on bank stability: The application of CAMELS-DEA to quantile regressions," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 96-116.
    5. Sharma, Abhijit & Woodward, Richard & Grillini, Stefano, 2020. "Unconditional quantile regression analysis of UK inbound tourist expenditures," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 186(C).
    6. Bartosz Korinth, 2022. "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on International Tourism Income in Tourism Receiving Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-12, October.
    7. Cláudia Seabra & Ketan Bhatt, 2022. "Tourism Sustainability and COVID-19 Pandemic: Is There a Positive Side?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-14, July.
    8. Christina Esti Susanti & Yustinus Budi Hermanto & Benny Suwito, 2023. "The Effect of Tourist Destination Image (TDI) on Intention to Visit through Tourism Risk Perception (TRP) of COVID-19 in the Tourism Industry in the New Normal Era in Indonesia: Case Study in East Jav," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-17, January.
    9. Sabine Panzer-Krause, 2022. "Rural Tourism in and after the COVID-19 Era: “Revenge Travel” or Chance for a Degrowth-Oriented Restart? Cases from Ireland and Germany," Tourism and Hospitality, MDPI, vol. 3(2), pages 1-17, April.
    10. Rr. M. I. Retno Susilorini & Amrizarois Ismail & B. Y. Arya Wastunimpuna & Dhiyan Krishna Wardhani & Laurel Lia Nola Prameswari & Ardhito Hayyu Amasto & Agus Suryono, 2022. "Tourism Village Carbon Footprint after COVID-19 Pandemic: A Challenge to Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-17, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Alberta Tahiri & Idriz Kovaçi & Anka Trajkovska Petkoska, 2022. "Sustainable Tourism as a Potential for Promotion of Regional Heritage, Local Food, Traditions, and Diversity—Case of Kosovo," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-13, September.
    2. Boulanouar, Zakaria & Alqahtani, Faisal & Hamdi, Besma, 2021. "Bank ownership, institutional quality and financial stability: evidence from the GCC region," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    3. Cosmin Alin Popescu & Tiberiu Iancu & Gabriela Popescu & Tabita Adamov & Ramona Ciolac, 2023. "The Impact of Agritourism Activity on the Rural Environment: Findings from an Authentic Agritourist Area—Bukovina, Romania," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-23, June.
    4. Bojan Đerčan & Dragica Gatarić & Milka Bubalo Živković & Marija Belij Radin & Danijela Vukoičić & Bojana Kalenjuk Pivarski & Tamara Lukić & Petar Vasić & Milena Nikolić & Miloš Lutovac & Milena Lutova, 2023. "Evaluating Farm Tourism Development for Sustainability: A Case Study of Farms in the Peri-Urban Area of Novi Sad (Serbia)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-21, August.
    5. Blanca del Espino Hidalgo, 2023. "Heritage Designation and Urban Territorial Balance in Andalusia (Spain): An Approach towards Collaborative Methods in Rural Areas," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-15, April.
    6. Kladakis, George & Chen, Lei & Bellos, Sotirios K., 2022. "Bank regulation, supervision and liquidity creation," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    7. Ali Shaddady, 2022. "Business environment, political risk, governance, Shariah compliance and efficiency in insurance companies in the MENA region," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 47(4), pages 861-904, October.
    8. Luojia Wang & Kerui Du & Bin Fang & Rob Law, 2023. "Escape from air pollution: How does air quality in the place of residence shape tourism consumption?," Tourism Economics, , vol. 29(4), pages 1074-1099, June.
    9. Yingying Hu, 2022. "Where Have Carbon Emissions Gone? Evidence of Inbound Tourism in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-20, September.
    10. Zhang, Xing & Li, Fengchao & Ortiz, Jaime, 2021. "Internal risk governance and external capital regulation affecting bank risk-taking and performance: Evidence from P.R. China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 276-292.
    11. Shabir, Mohsin & Jiang, Ping & Hashmi, Shujahat Haider & Bakhsh, Satar, 2022. "Non-linear nexus between economic policy uncertainty and bank lending," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 657-679.
    12. Myriam García-Olalla & Manuel Luna, 2021. "Market reaction to supranational banking supervision in Europe: Do firm- and country-specific factors matter?," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 48(4), pages 947-975, November.
    13. Marko D. Petrović & Ilija Milovanović & Tamara Gajić & Veronika N. Kholina & Miroslav Vujičić & Ivana Blešić & Filip Đoković & Milan M. Radovanović & Nina B. Ćurčić & Al Fauzi Rahmat & Karlygash Muzdy, 2023. "The Degree of Environmental Risk and Attractiveness as a Criterion for Visiting a Tourist Destination," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-20, September.
    14. Azam, Mehtabul, 2022. "Microeconomic Determinants of Domestic Tourism Expenditure in India," IZA Discussion Papers 15245, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    15. Li, Guoxiang & Wu, Haoyue & Jiang, Jieshu & Zong, Qingqing, 2023. "Digital finance and the low-carbon energy transition (LCET) from the perspective of capital-biased technical progress," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
    16. Gulati, Rachita & Singh, Nirmal & Kumar, Sunil & Duppati, Geeta, 2023. "Bank stability in the Indian subcontinent region: Evolution and determinants," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    17. Jacobi, Arie & Tzur, Joseph, 2021. "Wealth distribution and probability of bank failure across countries," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    18. Al-Shboul, Mohammad & Maghyereh, Aktham & Hassan, Abul & Molyneux, Phillip, 2020. "Political risk and bank stability in the Middle East and North Africa region," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    19. Muhammad Rabiu Danlami & Muhamad Abduh & Lutfi Abdul Razak, 2022. "CAMELS, risk-sharing financing, institutional quality and stability of Islamic banks: evidence from 6 OIC countries," Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 13(8), pages 1155-1175, June.
    20. Uddin, Md Hamid & Mollah, Sabur & Ali, Md Hakim, 2020. "Does cyber tech spending matter for bank stability?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:12:p:9412-:d:1168973. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.