IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2022i1p87-d1010178.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Cybersecurity and Country of Origin: Towards a New Framework for Assessing Digital Product Domesticity

Author

Listed:
  • Serkan Ozdemir

    (Management Information Systems Department, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey)

  • Martin Wynn

    (School of Computing and Engineering, University of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham GL50 2RH, UK)

  • Bilgin Metin

    (Management Information Systems Department, Bogazici University, Istanbul 34342, Turkey)

Abstract

Recent events concerning the Kaspersky anti-virus software in the UK and the Android operating system in the US have highlighted the significance of the domesticity of digital products for national cybersecurity, and the importance of establishing the origin of digital products has been further brought into focus by the war in Ukraine and China’s military activities around Taiwan. Digital products can contain hardware components, software elements, embedded systems, and data, and determining the country of origin (COO) in these circumstances is problematic. The aim of this research, and its main contribution, is to provide an operational framework for the application of the COO concept to address this problem. Using an inductive research methodology based on semi-structured interviews and an online survey, a 19-parameter framework for assessing the COO of digital products is developed and then applied to the case example of a mobile phone import in Turkey. This article concludes that new processes and policies are urgently required to enhance the cyber and information security for digital products, aid domestic digital technology production, and support the transition to recyclable technologies. Such developments are of significance not only for western nations concerned with data and security issues, but also for developing world countries trying to develop their own domestic digital product manufacturing capabilities. This is also of relevance to the computer end-user, who would benefit from greater clarity on the origin of digital products ahead of a purchase decision.

Suggested Citation

  • Serkan Ozdemir & Martin Wynn & Bilgin Metin, 2022. "Cybersecurity and Country of Origin: Towards a New Framework for Assessing Digital Product Domesticity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-17, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2022:i:1:p:87-:d:1010178
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/1/87/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/1/87/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Martin S Roth & Jean B Romeo, 1992. "Matching Product Category and Country Image Perceptions: A Framework for Managing Country-of-Origin Effects," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 23(3), pages 477-497, September.
    2. Saeed Samiee & Terence A Shimp & Subhash Sharma, 2005. "Brand origin recognition accuracy: its antecedents and consumers’ cognitive limitations," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 36(4), pages 379-397, July.
    3. Bruno Godey & Daniele Pederzoli & Gaetano Aiello & Raffaele Donvito & Klaus-Peter Wiedmann, 2009. "An international perspective on luxury brand and country of origin effect," Post-Print hal-00565479, HAL.
    4. Alan L. Porter & Alisa Kongthon & Jye-Chyi (JC) Lu, 2002. "Research profiling: Improving the literature review," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 53(3), pages 351-370, March.
    5. repec:eme:mrn000:01409170210782990 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Victor V Cordell, 1992. "Effects of Consumer Preferences for Foreign Sourced Products," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 23(2), pages 251-269, June.
    7. Robert A Peterson & Alain J P Jolibert, 1995. "A Meta-Analysis of Country-of-Origin Effects," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 26(4), pages 883-900, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Leonidas C. Leonidou & Bilge Aykol & Saeed Samiee & Nikolaos Korfiatis, 2022. "A Meta-analysis of the Antecedents and Outcomes of Consumer Foreign Country Image Perceptions: The Moderating Role of Macro-level Country Differences," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 62(5), pages 741-784, October.
    2. Simon Fauser & David Agola, 2021. "The influence of regional Italian images on consumer behaviour: a study of consumers in Germany," Italian Journal of Marketing, Springer, vol. 2021(1), pages 129-158, June.
    3. Marija Čutura & Katerina Malić Bandur, 2016. "Importance of the Country of Origin from the Consumers’ Perspective in the Research Context of Bosnia and Herzegovina," Tržište/Market, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb, vol. 28(1), pages 63-78.
    4. Wang, Cheng Lu & Li, Dongjin & Barnes, Bradley R. & Ahn, Jongseok, 2012. "Country image, product image and consumer purchase intention: Evidence from an emerging economy," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 21(6), pages 1041-1051.
    5. Bruhn, Manfred & Schwarz, Jürgen & Batt, Verena, 2012. "Swissness als Erfolgsfaktor – Einsatz des Country-of-Origin zur Stärkung von Marken-Konsumenten-Beziehungen und der Markenbindung," Die Unternehmung - Swiss Journal of Business Research and Practice, Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, vol. 66(2), pages 153-179.
    6. Witek-Hajduk Marzanna K. & Grudecka Anna, 2019. "Country of origin from a management perspective of emerging market companies," International Journal of Management and Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of World Economy, vol. 55(3), pages 212-229, September.
    7. Tagreed Saleh Abalkhail, 2023. "The impact of country of origin on consumer purchase decision of luxury vs. fast fashion: case of Saudi female consumers," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-9, December.
    8. Baldauf, Artur & Cravens, Karen S. & Diamantopoulos, Adamantios & Zeugner-Roth, Katharina Petra, 2009. "The Impact of Product-Country Image and Marketing Efforts on Retailer-Perceived Brand Equity: An Empirical Analysis," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 85(4), pages 437-452.
    9. Mandler, Timo & Won, Sungbin & Kim, Kyungae, 2017. "Consumers' cognitive and affective responses to brand origin misclassifications: Does confidence in brand origin identification matter?," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 197-209.
    10. Godey, Bruno & Pederzoli, Daniele & Aiello, Gaetano & Donvito, Raffaele & Chan, Priscilla & Oh, Hyunjoo & Singh, Rahul & Skorobogatykh, Irina I. & Tsuchiya, Junji & Weitz, Bart, 2012. "Brand and country-of-origin effect on consumers' decision to purchase luxury products," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 65(10), pages 1461-1470.
    11. Lopez, Carmen & Balabanis, George, 2020. "Country image appraisal: More than just ticking boxes," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 764-779.
    12. Diamantopoulos, Adamantios & Davydova, Olga & Arslanagic-Kalajdzic, Maja, 2019. "Modeling the role of consumer xenocentrism in impacting preferences for domestic and foreign brands: A mediation analysis," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 587-596.
    13. Carneiro, Jorge & Faria, Flávio, 2016. "Quest for purposefully designed conceptualization of the country-of-origin image construct," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(10), pages 4411-4420.
    14. Saeed Samiee & Brian R. Chabowski, 2021. "Knowledge structure in product- and brand origin–related research," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 49(5), pages 947-968, September.
    15. Bartikowski, Boris & Fastoso, Fernando & Gierl, Heribert, 2019. "Luxury cars Made-in-China: Consequences for brand positioning," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 288-297.
    16. Costa, Camila & Carneiro, Jorge & Goldszmidt, Rafael, 2016. "A contingent approach to country-of-origin effects on foreign products evaluation: Interaction of facets of country image with product classes," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 25(5), pages 1066-1075.
    17. Huat Wei Huang & Ernest Cyril de Run & Ernest Cyril de Run & Hiram Ting & Hiram Ting & Huong Sung Colin Ting, 2016. "“Made In China” Products and the Implication of Ethnic Identification Strength," International Review of Management and Marketing, Econjournals, vol. 6(3), pages 631-640.
    18. Yu, Julie H. & Albaum, Gerald, 2002. "Sovereignty change influences on consumer ethnocentrism and product preferences: Hong Kong revisited one year later," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 55(11), pages 891-899, November.
    19. Saeed Samiee & Constantine S. Katsikeas & G. Tomas M. Hult, 2021. "The overarching role of international marketing: Relevance and centrality in research and practice," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 52(8), pages 1429-1444, October.
    20. Cuffaro, Nadia & Di Giacinto, Marina, 2015. "Credence goods, consumers’ trust in regulation and high quality exports," Bio-based and Applied Economics Journal, Italian Association of Agricultural and Applied Economics (AIEAA), vol. 4(2), pages 1-19, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2022:i:1:p:87-:d:1010178. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.