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Where Are Potential Areas for Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)—Exploring the Demands for Built Environment for TOD Planning

Author

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  • Jiyang Xia

    (College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
    School of Art and Archaeology, Zhejiang University City College, No. 51, Huzhou Street, Hangzhou 310015, China)

  • Yue Zhang

    (School of Art and Archaeology, Zhejiang University City College, No. 51, Huzhou Street, Hangzhou 310015, China)

Abstract

Sustainable urban growth advocates the implementation of transit-oriented development (TOD) to optimize urban spatial structure. The bilateral planning concept of TOD emphasizes the importance of discovering areas with existing TOD features but poor public transit service (potential TOD areas) and further introducing transit connectivity or conducting TOD policy in such areas to facilitate sustainable transportation. However, current studies that are devoted to discovering potential TOD areas remain scarce. In this study, we find that random forest (RF) is an optimal algorithm that can effectively identify potential TOD regions in Hong Kong. We propose an RF-mediated machine learning model (RF-TPI model) and reveal underlying mechanisms of specific indicators. After iteratively learning the typical features of TOD areas in Hong Kong, the developed RF-TPI model shows great capacity to identify potential TOD areas, with satisfactory model performances (accuracy score: 0.89, precision score: 0.81). Further investigation on manifestations of indicators by the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) interpreter demonstrates the intricate, significant nonlinear and threshold effects of distinct indicators. Conclusively, we highlight that random forest would be a prospective tool for identifying potential TOD areas to aid TOD strategy in urban sustainable endeavors.

Suggested Citation

  • Jiyang Xia & Yue Zhang, 2022. "Where Are Potential Areas for Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)—Exploring the Demands for Built Environment for TOD Planning," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-14, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:14:p:8364-:d:858330
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ibraeva, Anna & Correia, Gonçalo Homem de Almeida & Silva, Cecília & Antunes, António Pais, 2020. "Transit-oriented development: A review of research achievements and challenges," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 110-130.
    2. Singh, Yamini Jain & Fard, Pedram & Zuidgeest, Mark & Brussel, Mark & Maarseveen, Martin van, 2014. "Measuring transit oriented development: a spatial multi criteria assessment approach for the City Region Arnhem and Nijmegen," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 130-143.
    3. Yu, Zidong & Zhu, Xiaolin & Liu, Xintao, 2022. "Characterizing metro stations via urban function: Thematic evidence from transit-oriented development (TOD) in Hong Kong," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    4. Singh, Yamini Jain & Lukman, Azhari & Flacke, Johannes & Zuidgeest, Mark & Van Maarseveen, M.F.A.M., 2017. "Measuring TOD around transit nodes - Towards TOD policy," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 96-111.
    5. Cervero, Robert & Dai, Danielle, 2014. "BRT TOD: Leveraging transit oriented development with bus rapid transit investments," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 127-138.
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    1. Lei Pang & Yuxiao Jiang & Jingjing Wang & Ning Qiu & Xiang Xu & Lijian Ren & Xinyu Han, 2023. "Research of Metro Stations with Varying Patterns of Ridership and Their Relationship with Built Environment, on the Example of Tianjin, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-18, June.

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