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Sustainability of Egyptian Cities through Utilizing Sewage and Sludge in Softscaping and Biogas Production

Author

Listed:
  • Usama Konbr

    (Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta 31733, Egypt)

  • Walid Bayoumi

    (Department of Regional Planning, Faculty of Urban and Regional Planning (FURP), Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt)

  • Mohamed N. Ali

    (Department of Environment and Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62511, Egypt)

  • Ahmed Salah Eldin Shiba

    (Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62511, Egypt)

Abstract

The National Egyptian Agenda 2030 recently adopted the concepts of sustainable cities, mitigating and adapting to climate change. This study responded to these concepts by treating sewage to reuse it in softscaping and recycling sludge to reduce energy consumption and support heating systems by producing biogas. Of the limitations of this study, it focuses on a compound to propose a model to increase the sustainability of Egyptian cities. This study used many technologies, such as biological treatment processes, activated sludge, trickling filters, and fixed bioreactors. However, Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have seemed to be the most suitable technology because of their low cost and footprint. Additionally, a pilot laboratory was established to simulate the sewage treatment plant. It consisted of a primary sedimentation tank followed by an MBR tank and a chlorine disinfection tank, where the sludge was fed into a cylindrical anaerobic digester. The amount of sludge collected generated 41.5 mL/day of biogas. The application of this large-scale batch reactor will produce around 38 m3/day of biogas. Applying the findings of this study to the treatment and reuse of domestic sewage and sludge can provide up to 50% of the water needed for the green area of the compound.

Suggested Citation

  • Usama Konbr & Walid Bayoumi & Mohamed N. Ali & Ahmed Salah Eldin Shiba, 2022. "Sustainability of Egyptian Cities through Utilizing Sewage and Sludge in Softscaping and Biogas Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-14, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:11:p:6675-:d:827664
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Noha Said & Raid Alrowais & Mahmoud M. Abdel-Daiem & Noha A. Mostafa, 2025. "Bio-Waste to Bioenergy: Critical Assessment of Sustainable Energy Supply Chain in Egypt," Resources, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-22, August.
    2. Dariel López-López & Antonio Serrano-Jiménez & Juan Gavilanes & Ferran Ventura-Blanch & Ángela Barrios-Padura & Carmen Díaz-López, 2023. "A Study on the Parametric Design Parameters That Influence Environmental Ergonomics and Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-30, April.
    3. Dalia H. Eldardiry, 2022. "The Restoration of the Cities’ Water Waterfront after the COVID-19 Pandemic, Case of Al Khobar City, Saudi Arabia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-14, November.
    4. Franz Harke & Philipp Otto, 2023. "Solar Self-Sufficient Households as a Driving Factor for Sustainability Transformation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-20, February.

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