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Are Millets More Effective in Managing Hyperlipidaemia and Obesity than Major Cereal Staples? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Seetha Anitha

    (Enabling System Transformation (EST), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India)

  • Takuji W. Tsusaka

    (Ostrom Center for Advanced Studies on Natural Resources Governance, Asian Institute of Technology, Khlong Luang 12120, Thailand)

  • Rosemary Botha

    (One Acre Fund, KG 7 Ave, BHC House, Kigali, Rwanda)

  • Joanna Kane-Potaka

    (Enabling System Transformation (EST), International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India
    Choosing FOOD3050, Brisbane, QLD 4160, Australia)

  • David Ian Givens

    (Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6EU, UK)

  • Ananthan Rajendran

    (National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad 500007, India)

  • Raj Kumar Bhandari

    (National Technical Board of Nutrition, Government of India (GoI), New Delhi 110001, India)

Abstract

Millets are important staples across developing countries in Asia and Africa. A previous systematic review and meta-analysis showed that eating millets significantly controlled hyperlipidaemia and obesity by focusing on a comparison of pre- and post-intervention measurements. This study further provides meta-analysis of the effects of the consumption of millets on hyperlipidaemia and obesity by analysing millets against other staple grains using the difference-in-differences method, where the effects were computed on the Standardised Mean Difference scale. Thus, only studies that included a control group as well as the baseline were included. The results from twelve eligible studies on blood lipid profile show significant ( p < 0.05) favourable effects of consuming millets compared to other staples (rice, wheat, and quinoa). Specifically, the effects on total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were −0.44, −0.29, and −0.41, respectively ( p < 0.05), while the effect on the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was +0.59 ( p < 0.05). In addition, the effects on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the body mass index were −0.60 and −0.29, respectively, with p = 0.06 each. While this study strengthens the evidence that the consumption of millets contributes to reducing the risks of hyperlipidaemia, and therefore cardiovascular diseases, more detailed and rigorous studies are recommended.

Suggested Citation

  • Seetha Anitha & Takuji W. Tsusaka & Rosemary Botha & Joanna Kane-Potaka & David Ian Givens & Ananthan Rajendran & Raj Kumar Bhandari, 2022. "Are Millets More Effective in Managing Hyperlipidaemia and Obesity than Major Cereal Staples? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-10, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:11:p:6659-:d:827302
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Andrew Bell & Malcolm Fairbrother & Kelvyn Jones, 2019. "Fixed and random effects models: making an informed choice," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 53(2), pages 1051-1074, March.
    2. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
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