IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i10p6029-d816548.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Field Study and Chemical Analysis of Plant Waste in the Fez-Meknes Region, Morocco

Author

Listed:
  • Ahmed Bendaoud

    (Laboratory of Engineering, Molecular Organometallic Materials and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez 30000, Morocco)

  • Amal Lahkimi

    (Laboratory of Engineering, Molecular Organometallic Materials and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez 30000, Morocco)

  • Mohammed Kara

    (Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorisation of Naturals Resources (LBCVNR), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez 30000, Morocco)

  • Tarik Moubchir

    (Polyvalent Laboratory in Research and Development, Department of Biology, Poly Disciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco)

  • Amine Assouguem

    (Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Street, Fez 30000, Morocco)

  • Abdelkhalek Belkhiri

    (Laboratory of Bioactives-Health and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Meknes, Meknes 50000, Morocco)

  • Aimad Allali

    (Laboratory of Plant, Animal and Agro-Industry Productions, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ibn Tofail (ITU), Kenitra 14000, Morocco)

  • Anouar Hmamou

    (Laboratory of Engineering, Molecular Organometallic Materials and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez 30000, Morocco)

  • Rafa Almeer

    (Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Amany A. Sayed

    (Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt)

  • Ilaria Peluso

    (Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), 00178 Rome, Italy)

  • Noureddine Eloutassi

    (Laboratory of Engineering, Molecular Organometallic Materials and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez 30000, Morocco)

Abstract

Throughout the entire world, the biomass plant remains an important source of renewable energy. However, in Morocco, the energy recovery of this biomass is little or badly exploited compared to other solar, hydraulic, and wind resources. The aim of this study is to know the extent to which Moroccan companies are involved in the valorization of green waste and to identify among the latter those that have great energy and industrial value. The field investigation was carried out with the use of a questionnaire to different sectors of activity. The chemical analyses of the waste samples were carried out by different methods: Van Soest to investigate the fiber content, dinitrosalicylic acid and phenol-sulfuric acid to determine sugars, while the Folin–Ciocalteu method was employed for the determination of phenolic compounds. These are the ASTM standard methods to determine elemental, proximate composition, and calorific value (CV). The results of this survey showed that solid vegetable waste is diverse and represents 68.4% of the total green waste, of which 98% is not treated. Moreover, the chemical analysis displayed that forestry waste (FW), extracted parts wastes (EPW), and unused parts wastes (UPW) of medicinal and aromatic plants have high contents of cellulose (respectively 34.75, 48.44, and 54.19%) and hemicelluloses (28.44, 27.19 and 28.50%) and containing low amounts of lignin and phenolic compounds compared to olive waste (OW), olive pomace (OP), and household waste (HW). Almost all biomass wastes, except HW, have a low moisture (<12%), ash content less than 5.1%, a significant percentage of C and H, and CV between 14.5 and 21.6 MJ/Kg. The PCA analysis showed a discrepancy in terms of components between the set formed by FW, UPW, and EPW with other solid waste. In conclusion, FW, UPW, and EPW, specially can be potentially energetic biomass and valorized together in the form of a mixture.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmed Bendaoud & Amal Lahkimi & Mohammed Kara & Tarik Moubchir & Amine Assouguem & Abdelkhalek Belkhiri & Aimad Allali & Anouar Hmamou & Rafa Almeer & Amany A. Sayed & Ilaria Peluso & Noureddine Elout, 2022. "Field Study and Chemical Analysis of Plant Waste in the Fez-Meknes Region, Morocco," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-13, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:10:p:6029-:d:816548
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/10/6029/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/10/6029/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kousksou, T. & Allouhi, A. & Belattar, M. & Jamil, A. & El Rhafiki, T. & Arid, A. & Zeraouli, Y., 2015. "Renewable energy potential and national policy directions for sustainable development in Morocco," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 46-57.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Joan Pau Sierra & Ricard Castrillo & Marc Mestres & César Mösso & Piero Lionello & Luigi Marzo, 2020. "Impact of Climate Change on Wave Energy Resource in the Mediterranean Coast of Morocco," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-19, June.
    2. Aqachmar, Zineb & Allouhi, Amine & Jamil, Abdelmajid & Gagouch, Belgacem & Kousksou, Tarik, 2019. "Parabolic trough solar thermal power plant Noor I in Morocco," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 572-584.
    3. Jie Jiao & Jiyuan Zhang & Jie Yang & Wenwen Zhang & Fengtao Guang & Liying Liu, 2023. "The Study of Carbon Neutralization Effects with Green Credit: Evidence from a Panel Data Analysis for Interprovinces in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-20, September.
    4. Shaima A. Alnaqbi & Shamma Alasad & Haya Aljaghoub & Abdul Hai Alami & Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem & Abdul Ghani Olabi, 2022. "Applicability of Hydropower Generation and Pumped Hydro Energy Storage in the Middle East and North Africa," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-27, March.
    5. Xiuqin Zhang & Xudong Shi & Yasir Khan & Majid Khan & Saba Naz & Taimoor Hassan & Chenchen Wu & Tahir Rahman, 2023. "The Impact of Energy Intensity, Energy Productivity and Natural Resource Rents on Carbon Emissions in Morocco," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-22, April.
    6. El Mghouchi, Y. & El Bouardi, A. & Sadouk, A. & Fellak, I. & Ajzoul, T., 2016. "Comparison of three solar radiation models and their validation under all sky conditions – case study: Tetuan city in northern of Morocco," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 1432-1444.
    7. Allouhi, A. & Agrouaz, Y. & Benzakour Amine, Mohammed & Rehman, S. & Buker, M.S. & Kousksou, T. & Jamil, A. & Benbassou, A., 2017. "Design optimization of a multi-temperature solar thermal heating system for an industrial process," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 382-392.
    8. Zhang, Tiantian & Nakagawa, Kei & Matsumoto, Ken'ichi, 2023. "Evaluating solar photovoltaic power efficiency based on economic dimensions for 26 countries using a three-stage data envelopment analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 335(C).
    9. Chen, Yizhong & Lu, Hongwei & Li, Jing & Huang, Guohe & He, Li, 2016. "Regional planning of new-energy systems within multi-period and multi-option contexts: A case study of Fengtai, Beijing, China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 356-372.
    10. Alami Merrouni, Ahmed & Elwali Elalaoui, Fakhreddine & Mezrhab, Ahmed & Mezrhab, Abdelhamid & Ghennioui, Abdellatif, 2018. "Large scale PV sites selection by combining GIS and Analytical Hierarchy Process. Case study: Eastern Morocco," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 863-873.
    11. Abdelilah Chalh & Aboubakr El Hammoumi & Saad Motahhir & Abdelaziz El Ghzizal & Umashankar Subramaniam & Aziz Derouich, 2020. "Trusted Simulation Using Proteus Model for a PV System: Test Case of an Improved HC MPPT Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-12, April.
    12. Kazimierczuk, Agnieszka H., 2019. "Wind energy in Kenya: A status and policy framework review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 434-445.
    13. Aránzazu Fernández-García & Adel Juaidi & Florian Sutter & Lucía Martínez-Arcos & Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro, 2018. "Solar Reflector Materials Degradation Due to the Sand Deposited on the Backside Protective Paints," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-20, March.
    14. Ben Jebli, Mehdi & Ben Youssef, Slim, 2017. "Renewable energy, arable land, agriculture, CO2 emissions, and economic growth in Morocco," MPRA Paper 76798, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Bei, Jinlan & Wang, Chunyu, 2023. "Renewable energy resources and sustainable development goals: Evidence based on green finance, clean energy and environmentally friendly investment," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    16. Tahri, Meryem & Hakdaoui, Mustapha & Maanan, Mohamed, 2015. "The evaluation of solar farm locations applying Geographic Information System and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making methods: Case study in southern Morocco," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1354-1362.
    17. Allouhi, A. & Benzakour Amine, M. & Buker, M.S. & Kousksou, T. & Jamil, A., 2019. "Forced-circulation solar water heating system using heat pipe-flat plate collectors: Energy and exergy analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 429-443.
    18. Chen, Yizhong & He, Li & Li, Jing & Cheng, Xi & Lu, Hongwei, 2016. "An inexact bi-level simulation–optimization model for conjunctive regional renewable energy planning and air pollution control for electric power generation systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 969-983.
    19. García-Segura, A. & Fernández-García, A. & Ariza, M.J. & Sutter, F. & Valenzuela, L., 2016. "Durability studies of solar reflectors: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 453-467.
    20. Mahmut Unsal Sasmaz & Aysun Karamıklı & Ulas Akkucuk, 2021. "The relationship between renewable energy use and health expenditures in EU countries," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 22(7), pages 1129-1139, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:10:p:6029-:d:816548. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.