IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i6p3104-d515436.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Economic Aspects of Shrinking Cities in Poland in the Context of Regional Sustainable Development

Author

Listed:
  • Anna Wichowska

    (Department of Theory of Economics, Faculty of Economics Sciences, Institute of Economics and Finance, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 19, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland)

Abstract

Two trends are observed in contemporary cities around the world: whereas some urban areas develop rapidly and experience population growth, a steady population decline is noted in other cities. Demographic changes in urban areas are also accompanied by economic changes. These changes constitute a very serious challenge for sustainable regional growth. However, these problems have not been sufficiently investigated to date, including in Poland. The aim of this study was to identify shrinking cities in Poland and the phenomena that are related to the economic aspects of urban shrinkage in Poland. Empirical research relied on analysis of the population growth rate in Polish urban municipalities, and the phenomena related to the economic aspects of urban shrinkage were identified by multiple linear regression analysis. The period of research was 2003–2019. Thirty-three Polish cities experienced a steady population decline. The economic phenomena related to urban shrinkage included changes in own-source revenues, proportions of government transfers in municipal budgets, unemployment, migration, municipal spending on education, transport, communications, and social welfare. Population decline was not related to changes in the age-dependency ratio, public spending on housing, the number of companies, or the number of vacant homes in cities. The research results can be a source of important information for regional sustainable growth policies used not only in cities and regions in Poland, but also in other Central and Eastern European countries where this phenomenon occurs.

Suggested Citation

  • Anna Wichowska, 2021. "Economic Aspects of Shrinking Cities in Poland in the Context of Regional Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-12, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:6:p:3104-:d:515436
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/6/3104/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/6/3104/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Klaus Prettner, 2013. "Population aging and endogenous economic growth," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 26(2), pages 811-834, April.
    2. Piotr Maleszyk & Arleta Kedra, 2020. "Intention to move and residential satisfaction: evidence from Poland," Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 15(2), pages 341-360, June.
    3. Patrick Kline & Enrico Moretti, 2014. "People, Places, and Public Policy: Some Simple Welfare Economics of Local Economic Development Programs," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 6(1), pages 629-662, August.
    4. Paweł Dziekański & Piotr Prus, 2020. "Financial Diversity and the Development Process: Case study of Rural Communes of Eastern Poland in 2009–2018," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-25, August.
    5. Wangchongyu Peng & Weijun Gao & Xin Yuan & Rui Wang & Jinming Jiang, 2019. "Spatiotemporal Differences in Determinants of City Shrinkage Based on Semiparametric Geographically Weighted Regression," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-17, December.
    6. Yoon, Jong-Won & Kim, Jinill & Lee, Jungjin, 2018. "Impact of Demographic Changes on Inflation and the Macroeconomy," KDI Journal of Economic Policy, Korea Development Institute (KDI), vol. 40(1), pages 1-30.
    7. Eugeniusz Niedzielski, 2019. "Changes In The Labour Market And Their Consequences," OLSZTYN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Economic Sciences, vol. 14(2), pages 157-163, June.
    8. Maria Markhaichuk & Irina Zhuckovskaya, 2019. "The spread of the regional intellectual capital: the case of the Russian Federation," Oeconomia Copernicana, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 10(1), pages 89-111, March.
    9. Tialda Haartsen & Leo Van Wissen, 2012. "Causes And Consequences Of Regional Population Decline For Primary Schools," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 103(4), pages 487-496, September.
    10. Gianni Carbonaro & Eugenio Leanza & Philip McCann & Francesca Medda, 2018. "Demographic Decline, Population Aging, and Modern Financial Approaches to Urban Policy," International Regional Science Review, , vol. 41(2), pages 210-232, March.
    11. Justin B. Hollander & Jeremy Németh, 2011. "The bounds of smart decline: a foundational theory for planning shrinking cities," Housing Policy Debate, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(3), pages 349-367, June.
    12. Beata Guziejewska & Anna Majdzinska, 2018. "The model of municipal education expenditures in Poland. Policy, budget and demography," Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 13(3), pages 523-541, September.
    13. Magdalena Wojarska & Renata Marks-Bielska & Wieslawa Lizinska & Karolina Babuchowska, 2017. "Social service provision as determinant of institutional efficiency of local self-governments," Ekonomia i Prawo, Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, vol. 16(1), pages 107-118, March.
    14. Hendrik P. van Dalen & Kène Henkens, 2011. "Who fears and who welcomes population decline?," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 25(13), pages 437-464.
    15. Yow-Jen Jou & Chien-Chia Huang & Hsun-Jung Cho, 2014. "A VIF-based optimization model to alleviate collinearity problems in multiple linear regression," Computational Statistics, Springer, vol. 29(6), pages 1515-1541, December.
    16. Arzaghi, Mohammad & Henderson, J. Vernon, 2005. "Why countries are fiscally decentralizing," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(7), pages 1157-1189, July.
    17. Bastian Heider, 2019. "What drives urban population growth and shrinkage in postsocialist East Germany?," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 50(4), pages 1460-1486, December.
    18. David Coleman & Robert Rowthorn, 2011. "Who's Afraid of Population Decline? A Critical Examination of Its Consequences," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 37(Supplemen), pages 217-248, January.
    19. Fidrmuc, Jan, 2004. "Migration and regional adjustment to asymmetric shocks in transition economies," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(2), pages 230-247, June.
    20. Jurgen A. Doornik & Henrik Hansen, 2008. "An Omnibus Test for Univariate and Multivariate Normality," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 70(s1), pages 927-939, December.
    21. Wioletta Wierzbicka, 2018. "Information infrastructure as a pillar of the knowledge-based economy — an analysis of regional differentiation in Poland," Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 13(1), pages 123-139, March.
    22. Aldona Standar & Agnieszka Kozera, 2019. "The Role of Local Finance in Overcoming Socioeconomic Inequalities in Polish Rural Areas," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(20), pages 1-28, October.
    23. Cristina Martinez‐Fernandez & Chung‐Tong Wu & Laura K. Schatz & Nobuhisa Taira & José G. Vargas‐Hernández, 2012. "The Shrinking Mining City: Urban Dynamics and Contested Territory," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(2), pages 245-260, March.
    24. Ondřej Slach & Vojtěch Bosák & Luděk Krtička & Alexandr Nováček & Petr Rumpel, 2019. "Urban Shrinkage and Sustainability: Assessing the Nexus between Population Density, Urban Structures and Urban Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(15), pages 1-22, August.
    25. Tommy Bengtsson & Kirk Scott, 2011. "Population Aging and the Future of the Welfare State: The Example of Sweden," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 37(Supplemen), pages 158-170, January.
    26. Anna Runge & Iwona Kantor-Pietraga & Jerzy Runge & Robert Krzysztofik & Weronika Dragan, 2018. "Can Depopulation Create Urban Sustainability in Postindustrial Regions? A Case from Poland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-18, December.
    27. Jurgita Bruneckiene & Jolita Sinkiene, 2015. "The Economic Competitiveness Of Lithuanian-Polish Border Region’S Cities: The Specific Of Urban Shrinkage," Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 10(4), pages 133-149, December.
    28. Anna Wichowska, 2019. "Shrinking municipalities and their budgetary revenues on the example of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland," Oeconomia Copernicana, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 10(3), pages 419-432, September.
    29. Sabau, Gabriela L., 2010. "Know, live and let live: Towards a redefinition of the knowledge-based economy -- sustainable development nexus," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 69(6), pages 1193-1201, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Anna Wichowska & Wiesława Lizińska, 2022. "Peculiarities of municipalities' investment activity: a case study of Eastern Poland," Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, VsI Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, vol. 9(3), pages 10-23, March.
    2. Agnieszka Stanowicka & Małgorzata Kobylińska & Anna Wichowska, 2023. "Awareness of the Cittaslow Brand among Polish Urban Dwellers and Its Impact on the Sustainable Development of Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-13, May.
    3. Yuanping Wang & Mu Lin & Jingxin Gao & Zhaoyin Zhou, 2021. "Fading Attraction of the Shrinking City: An Empirical Study from an Urban Resource Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-19, October.
    4. Borys Cie?lak & Paula Nagler & Frank van Oort, 2023. "Regional Capital No More. How the Reform of the Territorial Government has Marginalized Polish Middle-sized Cities," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 23-001/VIII, Tinbergen Institute.
    5. Yihao Jiang & Zhaojin Chen & Pingjun Sun, 2022. "Urban Shrinkage and Urban Vitality Correlation Research in the Three Northeastern Provinces of China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-22, August.
    6. Raisa Țăruș & Ștefan Dezsi & Florin Pop, 2021. "Ageing Urban Population Prognostic between 2020 and 2050 in Transylvania Region (Romania)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-20, September.
    7. Vlaďka Kirschner & Daniel Franke & Veronika Řezáčová & Tomáš Peltan, 2022. "Poorer Regions Consume More Undeveloped but Less High-Quality Land Than Wealthier Regions—A Case Study," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-13, December.
    8. Mihail Eva & Alexandra Cehan & Alexandra Lazăr, 2021. "Patterns of Urban Shrinkage: A Systematic Analysis of Romanian Cities (1992–2020)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-23, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ruiying Liu, 2022. "Long-Term Development Perspectives in the Slow Crisis of Shrinkage: Strategies of Coping and Exiting," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-30, August.
    2. Iwona Kantor-Pietraga, 2021. "Does One Decade of Urban Policy for the Shrinking City Make Visible Progress in Urban Re-Urbanization? A Case Study of Bytom, Poland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-17, April.
    3. Yao Tong & Wei Liu & Chenggu Li & Jing Zhang & Zuopeng Ma, 2020. "Small towns shrinkage in the Jilin Province: A comparison between China and developed countries," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(4), pages 1-17, April.
    4. Shuyi Xie & Elena Batunova, 2019. "Shrinking Historic Neighborhoods and Authenticity Dilution: An Unspoken Challenge of Historic Chinatowns in the United States through the Case of San Francisco," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-20, December.
    5. Mateo Zokalj, 2016. "The impact of population aging on public finance in the European Union," Financial Theory and Practice, Institute of Public Finance, vol. 40(4), pages 383-412.
    6. Min Wang & Shuqi Yang & Huajie Gao & Kahaer Abudu, 2021. "The Characteristics, Influencing Factors, and Push-Pull Mechanism of Shrinking Counties: A Case Study of Shandong Province, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-22, February.
    7. Marcin Bogdański, 2021. "Employment Diversification as a Determinant of Economic Resilience and Sustainability in Provincial Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-13, April.
    8. Iwona Z. Czaplicka-Kozlowska, 2021. "Student Opinions of the Efficacy of Select Moethods of External Recruitment with Special Focus on Online Methods," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(Special 3), pages 171-184.
    9. Yuanping Wang & Mu Lin & Jingxin Gao & Zhaoyin Zhou, 2021. "Fading Attraction of the Shrinking City: An Empirical Study from an Urban Resource Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-19, October.
    10. Rachel S. Franklin, 2021. "The demographic burden of population loss in US cities, 2000–2010," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 23(2), pages 209-230, April.
    11. Shouzhong Zhang & Limin Wang & Xiangli Wu, 2022. "Population Shrinkage, Public Service Levels, and Heterogeneity in Resource-Based Cities: Case Study of 112 Cities in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-20, November.
    12. Anna VORONTSOVA & Tetiana VASYLIEVA. & Yuriy BILAN & Grzegorz OSTASZ & Tetyana MAYBORODA, 2020. "The Influence Of State Regulation Of Education For Achieving The Sustainable Development Goals: Case Study Of Central And Eastern European Countries," REVISTA ADMINISTRATIE SI MANAGEMENT PUBLIC, Faculty of Administration and Public Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 2020(34), pages 6-26, June.
    13. Ondřej Slach & Vojtěch Bosák & Luděk Krtička & Alexandr Nováček & Petr Rumpel, 2019. "Urban Shrinkage and Sustainability: Assessing the Nexus between Population Density, Urban Structures and Urban Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(15), pages 1-22, August.
    14. Güldem Özatağan & Ayda Eraydin, 2021. "Emerging policy responses in shrinking cities: Shifting policy agendas to align with growth machine politics," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 53(5), pages 1096-1114, August.
    15. Aleksander Jakimowicz & Daniel Rzeczkowski, 2021. "The Impact of Public Administration Digitalization on the Decarbonization of the Economy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-45, September.
    16. Thomas Dax & Andrew Copus, 2022. "European Rural Demographic Strategies: Foreshadowing Post-Lisbon Rural Development Policy?," World, MDPI, vol. 3(4), pages 1-19, November.
    17. Papapetrou, Evangelia & Tsalaporta, Pinelopi, 2020. "The impact of population aging in rich countries: What’s the future?," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 42(1), pages 77-95.
    18. Jan Ženka & Luděk Krtička & Lenka Paszová & Tereza Pundová & Kateřina Rudincová & Simona Šťastná & Veronika Svetlíková & Jan Matula, 2021. "Micro-Geographies of Information and Communication Technology Firms in a Shrinking Medium-Sized Industrial City of Ostrava (Czechia)," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-26, July.
    19. Aleksander Jakimowicz & Daniel Rzeczkowski, 2023. "Contact Zones in the Energy Transition: A Transdisciplinary Complex Problem," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-48, April.
    20. Colas, Mark & Saulnier, Emmett, 2023. "Vertical migration externalities," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:6:p:3104-:d:515436. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.