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Urban Water Inclusive Sustainability: Evidence from 38 Cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt in China

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  • Siyu Gao

    (School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
    Human Resources Department, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China)

  • Haixiang Guo

    (School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
    Resources Environmental Economic Research Center, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China)

  • Jing Yu

    (School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
    Resources Environmental Economic Research Center, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China)

Abstract

The ecological environment of urban water resources in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) is in a huge challenge; yet, while myriad studies have investigated the carrying capacity or sustainable utilization of Chinese water resources, few to none have looked at the inclusive sustainable development of water resources. In this article, a new concept of urban water inclusive sustainability (UWIS) is firstly proposed, and the conceptual framework of ASFII and a five-dimensional indicator system are developed, integrating availability, sustainability, friendliness, inclusiveness and innovation. The panel data of 38 cities in the YREB are adopted from 2008 to 2018 to measure UWIS and five development indexes by the TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution) and entropy method. Moreover, the characteristics of the temporal–spatial evolution of the overall system and subsystems coupling coordination are described using the coupling coordination degree model. Key factors that hinder UWIS are identified through the obstacle degree model. The results indicate that the overall UWIS showed a gradual upward trend at a lower to medium level from 2008 to 2018 and a friendliness > sustainability > inclusiveness > innovation > availability index. The UWIS from high to low is YRDUA (Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration), MRYRUA (middle reaches of the Yangtze River urban agglomeration) and CCUA (Chengdu–Chongqing urban agglomeration). The 38 cities are in low-level coordination, and their temporal characteristics show a trend of economy > science and technology > water resources > environment > societal system, YRDUA > MRYRUA > CCUA. The spatial differentiation is manifested as high in the east and low in the west. The main obstacles come from 12 factors, such as the water resources utilization rate, etc. The findings of our study will be a scientific reference for the Chinese government to track UWIS and ensure urban water resources security in the YREB.

Suggested Citation

  • Siyu Gao & Haixiang Guo & Jing Yu, 2021. "Urban Water Inclusive Sustainability: Evidence from 38 Cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-32, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:4:p:2068-:d:499574
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    1. Hongwei Deng & Jinxin Yang & Peng Wang, 2023. "Study on Coupling Coordination Relationship between Urban Development Intensity and Water Environment Carrying Capacity of Chengdu–Chongqing Economic Circle," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-18, April.
    2. Dalai Ma & Fengtai Zhang & Yaping Xiao & Lei Gao & Hongbo Liao & Na Zhao & Yuedong Xiao & Xingyu Yang & Wenli Wu, 2024. "How industrial water resources green efficiency varies in China: a case study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt considering unexpected output," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(1), pages 187-213, January.
    3. Huaiyin Jiang & Gang He, 2023. "Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Regional Water Resources Carrying Capacity and Influencing Factors—Anhui Province as an Example," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-19, July.
    4. Jie Chang & Pingjun Sun & Guoen Wei, 2022. "Spatial Driven Effects of Multi-Dimensional Urbanization on Carbon Emissions: A Case Study in Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-19, October.

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