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From Drive-By-Wire to Autonomous Vehicle: Urban Freight Vehicle Perspectives

Author

Listed:
  • Khayyam Masood

    (PMAR Robotics, DIME, University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy
    LS2N, CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Nantes, 44300 Nantes, France)

  • Matteo Zoppi

    (PMAR Robotics, DIME, University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy)

  • Vincent Fremont

    (LS2N, CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Nantes, 44300 Nantes, France)

  • Rezia M. Molfino

    (PMAR Robotics, DIME, University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy)

Abstract

Freight Urban RoBOTic vehicle (FURBOT) is a complete drive-by-wire vehicle expected to perform autonomously in an urban setting. This upgrading has raised issues that need to be resolved/addressed for the vehicle to achieve a higher level of autonomy. This research addresses two of these main issues. The First is the legal framework/licensing issue necessary to be addressed for the vehicle to be insured and legally drive on public roads. The second is the changes and upgrading the vehicle must go through to become a complete autonomous freight handling vehicle. The outcome of this research led to the decision for correct categorization of the vehicle for resolving its licensing issue and its legal status on the European roads by understanding the limitations of the vehicle, which includes vehicle current state and its structural properties. An additional contribution of this research is identifying the software and hardware changes the vehicle has to go through to be fully autonomous. This includes identification of correct sensors and their placement and quantities. In addition, in-depth study for software identification for the vehicle is provided resulting in favorable choice for an off-the-shelf software. Additionally, foreseeable issues, expectations from the vehicle and requirements (considering its demonstration as an autonomous vehicle) that need to be fulfilled are also highlighted. For demonstration site, use cases and site dynamics are also studied for achieving autonomy. Fulfillment of these requirements is necessary for the vehicle to demonstrate autonomous navigation and freight handling for SHOW (SHared automation Operating models for Worldwide adoption) H2020 project for delivering freight in an urban setting.

Suggested Citation

  • Khayyam Masood & Matteo Zoppi & Vincent Fremont & Rezia M. Molfino, 2021. "From Drive-By-Wire to Autonomous Vehicle: Urban Freight Vehicle Perspectives," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-21, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:3:p:1169-:d:485428
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Boysen, Nils & Schwerdfeger, Stefan & Weidinger, Felix, 2018. "Scheduling last-mile deliveries with truck-based autonomous robots," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 271(3), pages 1085-1099.
    2. Yu, Shaohua & Puchinger, Jakob & Sun, Shudong, 2020. "Two-echelon urban deliveries using autonomous vehicles," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    3. Boysen, Nils & Schwerdfeger, Stefan & Weidinger, Felix, 2018. "Scheduling last-mile deliveries with truck-based autonomous robots," Publications of Darmstadt Technical University, Institute for Business Studies (BWL) 126189, Darmstadt Technical University, Department of Business Administration, Economics and Law, Institute for Business Studies (BWL).
    4. Monios, Jason & Bergqvist, Rickard, 2019. "The transport geography of electric and autonomous vehicles in road freight networks," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    Cited by:

    1. Hamid R. Sayarshad & Vahid Mahmoodian & Nebojša Bojović, 2021. "Dynamic Inventory Routing and Pricing Problem with a Mixed Fleet of Electric and Conventional Urban Freight Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-16, June.
    2. Demostenis Ramos Cassiano & Bruno Vieira Bertoncini & Leise Kelli de Oliveira, 2021. "A Conceptual Model Based on the Activity System and Transportation System for Sustainable Urban Freight Transport," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-13, May.
    3. Khayyam Masood & David Pérez Morales & Vincent Fremont & Matteo Zoppi & Rezia Molfino, 2021. "Parking Pose Generation for Autonomous Freight Collection by Pallet Handling Car-like Robot," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-15, August.
    4. Tomáš Settey & Jozef Gnap & František Synák & Tomáš Skrúcaný & Marek Dočkalik, 2021. "Research into the Impacts of Driving Cycles and Load Weight on the Operation of a Light Commercial Electric Vehicle," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-25, December.

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