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Operating of Gasoline Engine Using Naphtha and Octane Boosters from Waste as Fuel Additives

Author

Listed:
  • Obed Majeed Ali

    (Renewable Energy Research Unit, Northern Technical University, Kirkuk 36001, Iraq)

  • Omar Rafae Alomar

    (Engineering Technical College of Mosul, Northern Technical University, Mosul 41002, Iraq)

  • Omar Mohammed Ali

    (College of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zakho, Zakho 42002, Iraq)

  • Naseer T. Alwan

    (Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
    Technical Engineering College of Kirkuk, Northern Technical University, Kirkuk 36001, Iraq)

  • Salam J. Yaqoob

    (Department of Research and Education, Authority of the Popular Crowd, Baghdad 10001, Iraq)

  • Anand Nayyar

    (Faculty of Information Technology, Graduate School, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam)

  • Sameh Askar

    (Department of Statistics and Operations Research, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mohamed Abouhawwash

    (Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering (CMSE), College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
    Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt)

Abstract

Fuel quality is an important indicator for the suitability of alternative fuel for the utilization in internal combustion (IC) engines. In this paper, light naphtha and fusel oil have been introduced as fuel additives for local low octane gasoline to operate a spark ignition (SI) engine. Investigated fuel samples have been prepared based on volume and denoted as GN10 (90% local gasoline and 10% naphtha), GF10 (90% local gasoline and 10% fusel oil), and GN5F5 (90% local gasoline, 5% naphtha and 5% fusel oil) in addition to G100 (Pure local gasoline). Engine tests have been conducted to evaluate engine performance and exhaust emissions at increasing speed and constant wide throttle opening (WTO). The study results reveal varying engine performance obtained with GN10 and GF10 with increasing engine speed compared to local gasoline fuel (G). Moreover, GN5F5 shows higher brake power, lower brake specific fuel consumption, and higher brake thermal efficiency compared to other investigated fuel samples over the whole engine speed. The higher CO and CO 2 emissions were obtained with GN10 and GF10, respectively, over the entire engine speed and the minimum CO emissions observed with GN5F5. Moreover, the higher NO x emission was observed with pure local gasoline while the lowest was observed with GF10. On the other hand, GN5F5 shows slightly higher NO x emissions than GF10, which is lower than GN10 and gasoline. Accordingly, GN5F5 shows better engine performance and exhaust emissions, which can enhance the local low gasoline fuel quality using the locally available fuel additives.

Suggested Citation

  • Obed Majeed Ali & Omar Rafae Alomar & Omar Mohammed Ali & Naseer T. Alwan & Salam J. Yaqoob & Anand Nayyar & Sameh Askar & Mohamed Abouhawwash, 2021. "Operating of Gasoline Engine Using Naphtha and Octane Boosters from Waste as Fuel Additives," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-11, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:23:p:13019-:d:686971
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Awad, Omar I. & Ali, Obed M. & Mamat, Rizalman & Abdullah, A.A. & Najafi, G. & Kamarulzaman, M.K. & Yusri, I.M. & Noor, M.M., 2017. "Using fusel oil as a blend in gasoline to improve SI engine efficiencies: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 1232-1242.
    2. Awad, Omar I. & Mamat, R. & Ali, Obed M. & Sidik, N.A.C. & Yusaf, T. & Kadirgama, K. & Kettner, Maurice, 2018. "Alcohol and ether as alternative fuels in spark ignition engine: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 2586-2605.
    3. Wang, Libing & Wu, Zengyang & Ahmed, Ahfaz & Badra, Jihad A. & Sarathy, S. Mani & Roberts, William L. & Fang, Tiegang, 2019. "Auto-ignition of direct injection spray of light naphtha, primary reference fuels, gasoline and gasoline surrogate," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 375-390.
    4. Talebian-Kiakalaieh, Amin & Amin, Nor Aishah Saidina & Mazaheri, Hossein, 2013. "A review on novel processes of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 683-710.
    5. Abu-Hamdeh, Nidal H. & Bantan, Rashad A.R. & Khoshvaght-Aliabadi, Morteza & Alimoradi, Ashkan, 2020. "Effects of ribs on thermal performance of curved absorber tube used in cylindrical solar collectors," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 1260-1275.
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    1. Vishal Ram & Surender Reddy Salkuti, 2023. "An Overview of Major Synthetic Fuels," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-35, March.

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