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A Predictive Approach to Optimize a HHO Generator Coupled with Solar PV as a Standalone System

Author

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  • Osama Majeed Butt

    (Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Centre (UM-PEDAC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 59990, Malaysia
    Institute of Electrical, Electronics & Computer Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan)

  • Tareq Saeed

    (Nonlinear Analysis and Applied Mathematics (NAAM)-Research Group, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Hassan Elahi

    (Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
    H.E. and U.M. have equally contributed as the third authors of the manuscript.)

  • Usman Masud

    (Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila 47050, Pakistan
    H.E. and U.M. have equally contributed as the third authors of the manuscript.)

  • Usman Ghafoor

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Hang Seng Che

    (Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Centre (UM-PEDAC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 59990, Malaysia)

  • Nasrudin Abd Rahim

    (Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Centre (UM-PEDAC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 59990, Malaysia)

  • Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad

    (Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Centre (UM-PEDAC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 59990, Malaysia)

Abstract

Production of hydrogen by means of renewable energy sources is a way to eliminate dependency of the system on the electric grid. This study is based on a technique involving coupling of an oxyhydrogen (HHO) electrolyzer with solar PV to produce clean HHO gas as a fuel. One of objectives of this study was to develop a strategy to make the electrolyzer independent of other energy sources and work as a standalone system based on solar PV only. A DC-DC buck convertor is used with an algorithm that can track the maximum power and can be fed to the electrolyzer by PV while addressing its intermittency. The electrolyzer is considered to be an electrical load that is connected to solar PV by means of a DC-DC convertor. An algorithm is designed for this DC-DC convertor that allows maximization and control of power transferred from solar PV to the electrolyzer to produce the maximum HHO gas. This convertor is also responsible for operating the electrolyzer in its optimum operating region to avoid overheating. The DC-DC converter has been tested under simulated indoor conditions and uncontrolled outdoor conditions. Analysis of this DC-DC convertor based on maximum power tracking algorithm showed 94% efficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Osama Majeed Butt & Tareq Saeed & Hassan Elahi & Usman Masud & Usman Ghafoor & Hang Seng Che & Nasrudin Abd Rahim & Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad, 2021. "A Predictive Approach to Optimize a HHO Generator Coupled with Solar PV as a Standalone System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-16, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:21:p:12110-:d:670741
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Höök, Mikael & Tang, Xu, 2013. "Depletion of fossil fuels and anthropogenic climate change—A review," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 797-809.
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    Cited by:

    1. Martinez Lopez, V.A. & Ziar, H. & Haverkort, J.W. & Zeman, M. & Isabella, O., 2023. "Dynamic operation of water electrolyzers: A review for applications in photovoltaic systems integration," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    2. Gad, M.S. & El-Said, Emad M.S., 2023. "Performance evaluation of PV panels for green HHO gas generation: Energy, exergy, and economic investigation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).

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