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Development of an Online Tool for Tracking Soil Nitrogen to Improve the Environmental Performance of Maize Production

Author

Listed:
  • Giovani Preza-Fontes

    (Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA)

  • Junming Wang

    (Illinois State Water Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA)

  • Muhammad Umar

    (Department of Meteorology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Capital Territory 45550, Pakistan)

  • Meilan Qi

    (School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China)

  • Kamaljit Banger

    (Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada)

  • Cameron Pittelkow

    (Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 65616, USA)

  • Emerson Nafziger

    (Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA)

Abstract

Freshwater nitrogen (N) pollution is a significant sustainability concern in agriculture. In the U.S. Midwest, large precipitation events during winter and spring are a major driver of N losses. Uncertainty about the fate of applied N early in the growing season can prompt farmers to make additional N applications, increasing the risk of environmental N losses. New tools are needed to provide real-time estimates of soil inorganic N status for corn ( Zea mays L.) production, especially considering projected increases in precipitation and N losses due to climate change. In this study, we describe the initial stages of developing an online tool for tracking soil N, which included, (i) implementing a network of field trials to monitor changes in soil N concentration during the winter and early growing season, (ii) calibrating and validating a process-based model for soil and crop N cycling, and (iii) developing a user-friendly and publicly available online decision support tool that could potentially assist N fertilizer management. The online tool can estimate real-time soil N availability by simulating corn growth, crop N uptake, soil organic matter mineralization, and N losses from assimilated soil data (from USDA gSSURGO soil database), hourly weather data (from National Weather Service Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis), and user-entered crop management information that is readily available for farmers. The assimilated data have a resolution of 2.5 km. Given limitations in prediction accuracy, however, we acknowledge that further work is needed to improve model performance, which is also critical for enabling adoption by potential users, such as agricultural producers, fertilizer industry, and researchers. We discuss the strengths and limitations of attempting to provide rapid and cost-effective estimates of soil N availability to support in-season N management decisions, specifically related to the need for supplemental N application. If barriers to adoption are overcome to facilitate broader use by farmers, such tools could balance the need for ensuring sufficient soil N supply while decreasing the risk of N losses, and helping increase N use efficiency, reduce pollution, and increase profits.

Suggested Citation

  • Giovani Preza-Fontes & Junming Wang & Muhammad Umar & Meilan Qi & Kamaljit Banger & Cameron Pittelkow & Emerson Nafziger, 2021. "Development of an Online Tool for Tracking Soil Nitrogen to Improve the Environmental Performance of Maize Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-14, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:10:p:5649-:d:557296
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    References listed on IDEAS

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