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Co-Composting of Khat-Derived Biochar with Municipal Solid Waste: A Sustainable Practice of Waste Management

Author

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  • Zewdu Abebe Tessfaw

    (Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia)

  • Abebe Beyene

    (Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia)

  • Amsalu Nebiyu

    (Department of Horticulture and Plant Sciences, Jimma University, P.O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia)

  • Krzysztof Pikoń

    (Department of Technologies and Installations for Waste Management, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Marcin Landrat

    (Department of Technologies and Installations for Waste Management, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

Abstract

Biochar is a way to improve the performance of the composting process and the quality of compost. This study was aimed to investigate the optimum ratio of khat straw ( Catha edulis ) biochar and organic municipal solid waste mixtures to improve the quality of the resulting co-composts. Khat-derived biochar during pyrolysis at 350 °C was added to organic municipal solid waste mix and four co-composting treatments were prepared with the compositions (% w / w ): control compost (no biochar) and 5%, 15%, and 25% co-composted biochar in three replicates. The total organic carbon, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and potassium values ranged as 16.76–21.45%, 30.77–40.26%, 0.97–1.68%, 0.58–0.76%, and 12.72–15.29%, respectively. The results confirmed that 5% and 15% co-composted khat biochars had significantly reduced ( p < 0.05) organic matter loss and increased the contents of cation exchange capacity, pH, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc compared to the control compost, while some heavy metals (Fe, Cu, and Mn) and EC values in co-composted biochars are lower than the control compost. Khat-derived biochar could be added to municipal organic waste mix at 5–15% ( w / w ) in order to get better quality of compost, which can be used as biofertilizer.

Suggested Citation

  • Zewdu Abebe Tessfaw & Abebe Beyene & Amsalu Nebiyu & Krzysztof Pikoń & Marcin Landrat, 2020. "Co-Composting of Khat-Derived Biochar with Municipal Solid Waste: A Sustainable Practice of Waste Management," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-14, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:24:p:10668-:d:465562
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jouhara, H. & Czajczyńska, D. & Ghazal, H. & Krzyżyńska, R. & Anguilano, L. & Reynolds, A.J. & Spencer, N., 2017. "Municipal waste management systems for domestic use," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 485-506.
    2. Qian, Kezhen & Kumar, Ajay & Zhang, Hailin & Bellmer, Danielle & Huhnke, Raymond, 2015. "Recent advances in utilization of biochar," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 1055-1064.
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