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Analyzing Waste Management System Alternatives for Kabul City, Afghanistan: Considering Social, Environmental, and Economic Aspects

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  • Ahmad Nadim Azimi

    (Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan)

  • Sébastien M. R. Dente

    (Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan)

  • Seiji Hashimoto

    (Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan)

Abstract

Our earlier work identified social issues of stakeholders who are highly exposed to poor social performance in the current waste management system (WMS) of Kabul city, Afghanistan. The present work builds on earlier findings to elaborate four alternative scenarios with better social outcomes. For each scenario of the current system, greenhouse gas (GHG) and economic assessments were conducted. Results show that Scenario 2, considering increase waste collection coverage, recycling, unsanitary landfilling, and integration of informal workers, was found as the best alternative. Scenario 3, which added a source-separated system to Scenario 2, was the second-best alternative. These two scenarios address social issues and can reduce GHG emissions, save costs, and provide more jobs than the current system. In contrast, the absence of recycling in Scenario 1, and the conversion of unsanitary landfill into sanitary landfill in scenario 4 result in higher costs and GHG emissions, even though they deal with social issues and generate higher jobs to the existing waste management practice.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmad Nadim Azimi & Sébastien M. R. Dente & Seiji Hashimoto, 2020. "Analyzing Waste Management System Alternatives for Kabul City, Afghanistan: Considering Social, Environmental, and Economic Aspects," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-15, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:23:p:9872-:d:451099
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. World Bank, 2008. "Solid Waste Management Holistic Decision Modeling," World Bank Publications - Reports 12903, The World Bank Group.
    2. Göran Finnveden & Tomas Ekvall & Yevgeniya Arushanyan & Mattias Bisaillon & Greger Henriksson & Ulrika Gunnarsson Östling & Maria Ljunggren Söderman & Jenny Sahlin & Åsa Stenmarck & Johan Sundberg & J, 2013. "Policy Instruments towards a Sustainable Waste Management," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 5(3), pages 1-41, February.
    3. Rajaeifar, Mohammad Ali & Tabatabaei, Meisam & Ghanavati, Hossein & Khoshnevisan, Benyamin & Rafiee, Shahin, 2015. "Comparative life cycle assessment of different municipal solid waste management scenarios in Iran," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 886-898.
    4. Ahmad Nadim Azimi & Sébastien M. R. Dente & Seiji Hashimoto, 2020. "Social Life-Cycle Assessment of Household Waste Management System in Kabul City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-26, April.
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