IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v12y2020i16p6384-d396096.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Validation of Francis–Kaplan Turbine Blade Strike Models for Adult and Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar, L.) and Anadromous Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta, L.) Passing High Head Turbines

Author

Listed:
  • Linda Vikström

    (Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Umeå, Skogsmarksgränd, 907 36 Umeå, Sweden)

  • Kjell Leonardsson

    (Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Umeå, Skogsmarksgränd, 907 36 Umeå, Sweden)

  • Johan Leander

    (Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Linnaeus väg 6, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden)

  • Samuel Shry

    (River Ecology and Management Research Group RivEM, Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Karlstad University, S-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden)

  • Olle Calles

    (River Ecology and Management Research Group RivEM, Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Karlstad University, S-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden)

  • Gustav Hellström

    (Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Umeå, Skogsmarksgränd, 907 36 Umeå, Sweden)

Abstract

The negative effects of hydroelectric power (HEP) on salmonid populations has long been recognized and studied. Downstream passage through turbines may potentially constitute a significant source of mortality for both juvenile and adult fish in regulated rivers. Numerical models have been developed to calculate turbine passage mortality based on the probability of collision with the turbine blades, but although widely used in management and conservation, their performance is rarely validated in terms of the accuracy and bias of the mortality estimates. In this study, we evaluated commonly used blade strike models for Kaplan and Francis turbines by comparing model predictions with observed passage mortalities for juvenile 13–27 cm and adult 52–94 cm Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar , L.) and anadromous brown trout ( Salmo trutta , L.) acquired by acoustic telemetry. Predictions made for juveniles aligned closer with observed mortality for both Kaplan and Francis turbines (within 1–3% percentage points). However, the model severely underestimated the mortality of adult fish passing through Francis turbines, with up to 50% percentage points difference between predicted and observed mortalities. Furthermore, the model did not capture a clear negative correlation between mortality and discharge observed for salmon between 50–60 cm (grilse). We concluded that blade strike models are a useful tool for quantifying passage mortality for salmonid smolts passing large, high-head turbines, but that the same models should be used with care when trying to estimate the passage mortality of kelts in iteroparous populations. We also concluded that the major cause of passage mortality for juveniles is injury by collision with the turbine blade, but that other factors seem to contribute substantially to the passage mortality of kelts. Our study reports low mortality for smolts up to 27 cm passing through Kaplan and Francis turbines (0–12%), but high mortality for salmon over 50 cm passing though Francis turbines (56–81%).

Suggested Citation

  • Linda Vikström & Kjell Leonardsson & Johan Leander & Samuel Shry & Olle Calles & Gustav Hellström, 2020. "Validation of Francis–Kaplan Turbine Blade Strike Models for Adult and Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar, L.) and Anadromous Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta, L.) Passing High Head Turbines," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-13, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:16:p:6384-:d:396096
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/16/6384/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/16/6384/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Fu, Tao & Deng, Zhiqun Daniel & Duncan, Joanne P. & Zhou, Daqing & Carlson, Thomas J. & Johnson, Gary E. & Hou, Hongfei, 2016. "Assessing hydraulic conditions through Francis turbines using an autonomous sensor device," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 1244-1252.
    2. Martinez, J.J. & Deng, Z.D. & Titzler, P.S. & Duncan, J.P. & Lu, J. & Mueller, R.P. & Tian, C. & Trumbo, B.A. & Ahmann, M.L. & Renholds, J.F., 2019. "Hydraulic and biological characterization of a large Kaplan turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 240-249.
    3. Klopries, Elena-Maria & Schüttrumpf, Holger, 2020. "Mortality assessment for adult European eels (Anguilla Anguilla) during turbine passage using CFD modelling," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 1481-1490.
    4. Zhiqun Deng & Thomas J. Carlson & Dennis D. Dauble & Gene R. Ploskey, 2011. "Fish Passage Assessment of an Advanced Hydropower Turbine and Conventional Turbine Using Blade-Strike Modeling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 4(1), pages 1-11, January.
    5. Deng, Zhiqun & Carlson, Thomas J. & Ploskey, Gene R. & Richmond, Marshall C. & Dauble, Dennis D., 2007. "Evaluation of blade-strike models for estimating the biological performance of Kaplan turbines," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 208(2), pages 165-176.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Powalla, Dennis & Hoerner, Stefan & Cleynen, Olivier & Thévenin, Dominique, 2022. "A numerical approach for active fish behaviour modelling with a view toward hydropower plant assessment," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 957-966.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Singh, Rajesh K. & Romero-Gomez, Pedro & Colotelo, Alison H. & Perkins, William A. & Richmond, Marshall C., 2022. "Computational studies of hydraulic stressors for biological performance assessment in a hydropower plant with Kaplan turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 768-781.
    2. Phoevos (Foivos) Koukouvinis & John Anagnostopoulos, 2023. "State of the Art in Designing Fish-Friendly Turbines: Concepts and Performance Indicators," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-25, March.
    3. Zhu, Guojun & Guo, Yuxing & Feng, Jianjun & Gao, Luhan & Wu, Guangkuan & Luo, Xingqi, 2022. "Analysis and reduction of the pressure and shear damage probability of fish in a Francis turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 462-473.
    4. Martinez, Jayson J. & Deng, Zhiqun Daniel & Mueller, Robert & Titzler, Scott, 2020. "In situ characterization of the biological performance of a Francis turbine retrofitted with a modular guide vane," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    5. Klopries, Elena-Maria & Schüttrumpf, Holger, 2020. "Mortality assessment for adult European eels (Anguilla Anguilla) during turbine passage using CFD modelling," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 1481-1490.
    6. Zaher Mundher Yaseen & Ameen Mohammed Salih Ameen & Mohammed Suleman Aldlemy & Mumtaz Ali & Haitham Abdulmohsin Afan & Senlin Zhu & Ahmed Mohammed Sami Al-Janabi & Nadhir Al-Ansari & Tiyasha Tiyasha &, 2020. "State-of-the Art-Powerhouse, Dam Structure, and Turbine Operation and Vibrations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-40, February.
    7. Hongfei Hou & Zhiqun Daniel Deng & Jayson J. Martinez & Tao Fu & Joanne P. Duncan & Gary E. Johnson & Jun Lu & John R. Skalski & Richard L. Townsend & Li Tan, 2018. "A Hydropower Biological Evaluation Toolset (HBET) for Characterizing Hydraulic Conditions and Impacts of Hydro-Structures on Fish," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-13, April.
    8. Martinez, J.J. & Deng, Z.D. & Titzler, P.S. & Duncan, J.P. & Lu, J. & Mueller, R.P. & Tian, C. & Trumbo, B.A. & Ahmann, M.L. & Renholds, J.F., 2019. "Hydraulic and biological characterization of a large Kaplan turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 240-249.
    9. Zhiqun Deng & Thomas J. Carlson & Dennis D. Dauble & Gene R. Ploskey, 2011. "Fish Passage Assessment of an Advanced Hydropower Turbine and Conventional Turbine Using Blade-Strike Modeling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 4(1), pages 1-11, January.
    10. Fu, Tao & Deng, Zhiqun Daniel & Duncan, Joanne P. & Zhou, Daqing & Carlson, Thomas J. & Johnson, Gary E. & Hou, Hongfei, 2016. "Assessing hydraulic conditions through Francis turbines using an autonomous sensor device," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 1244-1252.
    11. Emanuele Quaranta & Manuel Bonjean & Damiano Cuvato & Christophe Nicolet & Matthieu Dreyer & Anthony Gaspoz & Samuel Rey-Mermet & Bruno Boulicaut & Luigi Pratalata & Marco Pinelli & Giuseppe Tomaselli, 2020. "Hydropower Case Study Collection: Innovative Low Head and Ecologically Improved Turbines, Hydropower in Existing Infrastructures, Hydropeaking Reduction, Digitalization and Governing Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-78, October.
    12. Phoevos (Foivos) Koukouvinis & John Anagnostopoulos, 2023. "Simulating Fish Motion through a Diagonal Reversible Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-17, January.
    13. Ak, Mümtaz & Kentel, Elçin & Kucukali, Serhat, 2017. "A fuzzy logic tool to evaluate low-head hydropower technologies at the outlet of wastewater treatment plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 68(P1), pages 727-737.
    14. Powalla, Dennis & Hoerner, Stefan & Cleynen, Olivier & Thévenin, Dominique, 2022. "A numerical approach for active fish behaviour modelling with a view toward hydropower plant assessment," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 957-966.
    15. Ine S. Pauwels & Raf Baeyens & Gert Toming & Matthias Schneider & David Buysse & Johan Coeck & Jeffrey A. Tuhtan, 2020. "Multi-Species Assessment of Injury, Mortality, and Physical Conditions during Downstream Passage through a Large Archimedes Hydrodynamic Screw (Albert Canal, Belgium)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-25, October.
    16. Li, Gang & Zhu, Weidong, 2023. "Tidal current energy harvesting technologies: A review of current status and life cycle assessment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    17. Quan Jiang & Xiating Feng, 2011. "Intelligent Stability Design of Large Underground Hydraulic Caverns: Chinese Method and Practice," Energies, MDPI, vol. 4(10), pages 1-21, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:16:p:6384-:d:396096. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.