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Breakfast Characterization and Consumption by Low-Income Brazilians: Food Identity and Regional Food

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  • Janice Ramos de Sousa

    (Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil)

  • Rita de Cássia C.A. Akutsu

    (Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil)

  • Renata Puppin Zandonadi

    (Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil)

  • Raquel B. A. Botelho

    (Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil)

Abstract

The study aimed to evaluate the breakfast (BF) of the Brazilian low-income population, analyzing cultural aspects, such as the habit of consuming regional foods and the BF food identity markers. This cross-sectional study used a sample of 1872 low-income Brazilians. For the food consumption analysis, three 24–hour dietary recalls were used. For the qualitative analysis of the BF, we used three classifications: standard, full, partial, and without BF. Also, BF was considered as regional when at least one regional food (contained in a predefined list of regional foods) was consumed. For the analysis of BF's food identity markers, we evaluated all food groups and their frequencies. Of the 5616 possible BF meals available for the three days of consumption, 17.3% were skipped, a low percentage. A total of 4642 BF examples were analyzed. Standard type BF was prevalent in all regions, and full BF was rarely consumed by participants. Women during the weekend skipped BF less often. Out of all five Brazilian regions, the ones with the highest consumption of regional foods were the Midwest (46.6%) and the South (45.9%). The highest frequency of consumed foods in BF were coffee with cow’s milk (or milk with coffee), added sugar, bread, and margarine, indicating that these are the identity markers of BF in the studied sample. Considering that the percentage of standard type BF was very high and that the consumption of added sugar and margarine was accentuated, actions to stimulate the intake of fresh fruits and foods in all meals are necessary, especially in the first meal of the day. There is a need for new proposals for actions and programs with the purpose of expanding access to healthy and adequate regional foods, especially to low-income families.

Suggested Citation

  • Janice Ramos de Sousa & Rita de Cássia C.A. Akutsu & Renata Puppin Zandonadi & Raquel B. A. Botelho, 2020. "Breakfast Characterization and Consumption by Low-Income Brazilians: Food Identity and Regional Food," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-15, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:12:p:4998-:d:373384
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Coelho, Alexandre Bragança & Aguiar, Danilo Rolim Dias de & Fernandes, Elaine Aparecida, 2009. "Padrão de consumo de alimentos no Brasil," Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural (RESR), Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural, vol. 47(2), January.
    2. Verônica Cortez Ginani & Wilma Maria Coelho Araújo & Renata Puppin Zandonadi & Raquel B. Assunção Botelho, 2020. "Identifier of Regional Food Presence (IRFP): A New Perspective to Evaluate Sustainable Menus," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-14, May.
    3. Maria Hatjiathanassiadou & Sthephany Rayanne Gomes de Souza & Josimara Pereira Nogueira & Luciana de Medeiros Oliveira & Virgílio José Strasburg & Priscilla Moura Rolim & Larissa Mont’Alverne Jucá Sea, 2019. "Environmental Impacts of University Restaurant Menus: A Case Study in Brazil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-15, September.
    4. Giaime Berti & Catherine Mulligan, 2016. "Competitiveness of Small Farms and Innovative Food Supply Chains: The Role of Food Hubs in Creating Sustainable Regional and Local Food Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-31, July.
    5. Anuj Mittal & Caroline C. Krejci & Teri J. Craven, 2018. "Logistics Best Practices for Regional Food Systems: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-44, January.
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    1. Pedro Gerber Machado & Julia Tomei & Adam Hawkes & Celma de Oliveira Ribeiro, 2020. "A Simulator to Determine the Evolution of Disparities in Food Consumption between Socio-Economic Groups: A Brazilian Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-24, July.

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