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Experimental Study on the Optimum Preparation of Bentonite–Steel Slag Composite Particles

Author

Listed:
  • Xinhui Zhan

    (School of Mines, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China)

  • Liping Xiao

    (School of Civil Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China)

  • Bing Liang

    (School of Mechanics and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China)

Abstract

Novel multifunctional adsorbent bentonite–steel slag composite particles (BSC) were developed for highly efficient and synergistic treatment of heavy metal ions in acid mine drainage (AMD). Single-factor experiments were performed to examine the influence of different parameters on the adsorption effect, alkalinity release quantity, and loss rate of the composite particles. Based on these results, an L9(4 3 ) orthogonal experiment was carried out, and the optimum levels and order of the factors were determined by range analysis. Finally, the optimum preparation process of the composite particles was determined: a bentonite–steel slag proportion of 5:5, Na 2 CO 3 content of 5%, aging time of 12 h, calcination particle size of 2 mm, calcination temperature of 500 °C, and calcination time of 60 min. The isothermal adsorption of optimum BSC fit well with Langmuir and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) isotherms ( R 2 R 2 > 0.997). A synergistic adsorption–coagulation effect occurs, leading to the appearance of multiple layers locally on the surface of BSC, which satisfies the BET model. To understand the preparation mechanism of the BSC, bentonite, steel slag, uncalcined BSC, and the optimum BSC were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicate that calcination led to an increase in the average pore radius, total pore volume, and specific surface area ( S BET ) in the optimum BSC; numerous pores were present on its layered surface. Although the layer spacing increased after calcination, the structure of the dioctahedra remained unchanged. Exchangeable Na + , montmorillonite, and alkaline components were present between the optimum BSC layers. Water and impurities were removed after calcination. The BSC not only released an alkalinity-neutralising acid but also induced a synergistic adsorption–coagulation effect that removed heavy metal ions. It is an excellent multifunctional protective material for the mining environment, that can treat AMD-containing heavy metal ions.

Suggested Citation

  • Xinhui Zhan & Liping Xiao & Bing Liang, 2019. "Experimental Study on the Optimum Preparation of Bentonite–Steel Slag Composite Particles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-27, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2019:i:1:p:18-:d:299344
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Muhammad Tahir Amin & Abdulrahman Ali Alazba & Muhammad Shafiq, 2015. "Adsorptive Removal of Reactive Black 5 from Wastewater Using Bentonite Clay: Isotherms, Kinetics and Thermodynamics," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(11), pages 1-17, November.
    2. Wu, Xuan & Leung, Dennis Y.C., 2011. "Optimization of biodiesel production from camelina oil using orthogonal experiment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(11), pages 3615-3624.
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