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Digestion Procedure and Determination of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge—An Analytical Problem

Author

Listed:
  • Anna Turek

    (Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Żeromskiego Str., 90-924 Lodz, Poland)

  • Kinga Wieczorek

    (Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Żeromskiego Str., 90-924 Lodz, Poland)

  • Wojciech M. Wolf

    (Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Żeromskiego Str., 90-924 Lodz, Poland)

Abstract

Huge amounts of sewage sludge produced globally is a substantial environmental threat and require rational handling. Application in agriculture is an economical and relatively simple method of sludge management, however, it is associated with restrictions regarding metals content. According to EU regulations, the total amounts of Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, and Zn have to be analyzed by the AAS technique requiring effective destruction of the organic matrix. Currently used methods of sewage sludge digestion may be biased when applied without optimization. The aim of the presented work was to evaluate the efficiency of the organic substances destruction in either raw or stabilized sludge. Three mineralization procedures were evaluated, namely: (A)—drying and microwave digestion; (B)—ignition and microwave digestion; (C)—drying and conventional digestion. For matrix destruction, a mixture of concentrated HNO 3 and HCl (3:1 v/v ) was used. Metals were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). No limits of metal concentration were overdrawn. Generally, the method (B) was the most effective. Results obtained for Cu, Cd, and Zn after digestion by method (A) and (B) were comparable. Methods (B) and (C) yield complete decomposition of the matrix. As result, the precision of measurement substantially increases.

Suggested Citation

  • Anna Turek & Kinga Wieczorek & Wojciech M. Wolf, 2019. "Digestion Procedure and Determination of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge—An Analytical Problem," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-10, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:6:p:1753-:d:216547
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Massimo Raboni & Vincenzo Torretta & Giordano Urbini, 2013. "Influence of Strong Diurnal Variations in Sewage Quality on the Performance of Biological Denitrification in Small Community Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 5(9), pages 1-11, August.
    2. Fytili, D. & Zabaniotou, A., 2008. "Utilization of sewage sludge in EU application of old and new methods--A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 12(1), pages 116-140, January.
    3. Xuan Zhang & Xian-qing Wang & Dong-fang Wang, 2017. "Immobilization of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge during Land Application Process in China: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-19, November.
    4. Alexey Paukov & Romen Magaril & Elena Magaril, 2019. "An Investigation of the Feasibility of the Organic Municipal Solid Waste Processing by Coking," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-13, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Malwina Tytła, 2020. "Identification of the Chemical Forms of Heavy Metals in Municipal Sewage Sludge as a Critical Element of Ecological Risk Assessment in Terms of Its Agricultural or Natural Use," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-22, June.
    2. Esmeralda Chiorescu & Feodor Filipov, 2021. "Examining the Influence of Sludge from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants Processed by Euphore Installations on the Quantity and Quality of Rapeseed and Soybean Production," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-17, March.
    3. Malwina Tytła, 2019. "Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Potential Ecological Risk in Sewage Sludge from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Located in the Most Industrialized Region in Poland—Case Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-16, July.
    4. Lidia Mielcarz-Skalska & Beata Smolińska & Katarzyna Włodarczyk, 2021. "Nanoparticles as Potential Improvement for Conventional Fertilisation in the Cultivation of Raphanus sativus var. sativus," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-16, October.

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