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Producing Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Review of Sustainable Sources and Future Trends for the EPA and DHA Market

Author

Listed:
  • Laura Oliver

    (Health and Food Area, Health Division, TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Álava, c/Leonardo Da Vinci no. 11, 01510 Miñano, Spain)

  • Thomas Dietrich

    (Health and Food Area, Health Division, TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Álava, c/Leonardo Da Vinci no. 11, 01510 Miñano, Spain)

  • Izaskun Marañón

    (Health and Food Area, Health Division, TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Álava, c/Leonardo Da Vinci no. 11, 01510 Miñano, Spain)

  • Maria Carmen Villarán

    (Health and Food Area, Health Division, TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Álava, c/Leonardo Da Vinci no. 11, 01510 Miñano, Spain)

  • Ramón J. Barrio

    (Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain)

Abstract

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Omega-3 PUFA) are recognized as being essential compounds for human nutrition and health. The human body generates only low levels of Omega-3 PUFA. Conventional sources of Omega-3 PUFA are from marine origin. However, the global growth of population combined with a better consumer understanding about healthy nutrition leads to the fact that traditional sources are exhausted and therefore not enough to satisfy the demand of Omega-3 PUFA for human diet as well as aquaculture. Microalgae cultivated under heterotrophic conditions is increasingly recognized as a suitable technology for the production of the Omega-3 PUFA. The high cost of using glucose as main carbon source for cultivation is the main challenge to establish economical feasible production processes. The latest relevant studies provide alternative pathways for Omega-3 PUFA production. As preliminary results show, volatile fatty acids (VFA) recovered from waste stream could be a good alternative to the use of glucose as carbon source in microalgae cultivation. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the actual situation of Omega-3 PUFA production, sources and market request to provide a summary on sustainable sources that are being investigated as well as present and future market trends in Omega-3 market.

Suggested Citation

  • Laura Oliver & Thomas Dietrich & Izaskun Marañón & Maria Carmen Villarán & Ramón J. Barrio, 2020. "Producing Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Review of Sustainable Sources and Future Trends for the EPA and DHA Market," Resources, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-15, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jresou:v:9:y:2020:i:12:p:148-:d:463281
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Brennan, Liam & Owende, Philip, 2010. "Biofuels from microalgae--A review of technologies for production, processing, and extractions of biofuels and co-products," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(2), pages 557-577, February.
    2. Chalima, Angelina & Taxeidis, George & Topakas, Evangelos, 2020. "Optimization of the production of docosahexaenoic fatty acid by the heterotrophic microalga Crypthecodinium cohnii utilizing a dark fermentation effluent," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 102-109.
    3. Chalima, Angelina & Hatzidaki, Angeliki & Karnaouri, Anthi & Topakas, Evangelos, 2019. "Integration of a dark fermentation effluent in a microalgal-based biorefinery for the production of high-added value omega-3 fatty acids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C), pages 130-138.
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    1. Gianluca Rizzo & Luciana Baroni & Mauro Lombardo, 2023. "Promising Sources of Plant-Derived Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Narrative Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-34, January.
    2. Amira Toumi & Natalia Politaeva & Saša Đurović & Liliya Mukhametova & Svetlana Ilyashenko, 2022. "Obtaining DHA–EPA Oil Concentrates from the Biomass of Microalga Chlorella sorokiniana," Resources, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-13, February.

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