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The Application of Image Acquisition and Processing Techniques for the Determination of Wooden Pellet Length as an Alternative to ISO 17829

Author

Listed:
  • Giuseppe Toscano

    (Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy)

  • Elena Leoni

    (Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy)

  • Carmine De Francesco

    (Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy)

  • Giacomo Ciccone

    (Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy)

  • Thomas Gasperini

    (Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy)

Abstract

Global market developments of wooden pellets have led to an increased attention towards pellet quality. ISO 17829 defines the procedure to assess pellets’ geometrical parameters, which play a key role in pellet overall quality. For instance, pellet length influences the spatial arrangement within the stove brazier, affecting the interaction between combustion air and solid biofuel, thus affecting CO emissions. The ISO 17829 method is time-consuming and affected by the operator’s accuracy. Recent studies have investigated the application of new methods, such as image processing, for monitoring the aforementioned parameter. While also assessing the representativeness of ISO 17829’s method, this paper proposes an alternative measuring tool based on image processing named Pellet Length Detector (PLD). Samples were obtained from Italian pellet suppliers and subjected to a multiple dimensional analysis via PLD and caliper. The PLD’s overall performance led to satisfactory results, with only 10% of the samples having a bias between replicates of >2 mm. Compared to caliper, PLD led to an average bias of 0.5 mm. Moreover, a one-way ANOVA highlighted that increasing the sample size between caliper and PLD leads to a greater statistical similarity of the data obtained for different replicates. Given the prototype status of the device, a further performance upgrade is possible, especially through error modeling.

Suggested Citation

  • Giuseppe Toscano & Elena Leoni & Carmine De Francesco & Giacomo Ciccone & Thomas Gasperini, 2023. "The Application of Image Acquisition and Processing Techniques for the Determination of Wooden Pellet Length as an Alternative to ISO 17829," Resources, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-12, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jresou:v:12:y:2023:i:10:p:125-:d:1264213
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Schipfer, Fabian & Kranzl, Lukas & Olsson, Olle & Lamers, Patrick, 2020. "The European wood pellets for heating market - Price developments, trade and market efficiency," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C).
    2. Hamid Gilvari & Wiebren De Jong & Dingena L. Schott, 2020. "The Effect of Biomass Pellet Length, Test Conditions and Torrefaction on Mechanical Durability Characteristics According to ISO Standard 17831-1," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-16, June.
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