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Bacterial Nanocellulose Derived from Banana Leaf Extract: Yield and Variation Factors

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  • Manuel Fiallos-Cárdenas

    (Facultad de Salud y Servicios Sociales, Universidad Estatal de Milagro, Milagro 091050, Ecuador
    Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador)

  • Angel D. Ramirez

    (Facultad de Ingeniería en Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción, Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador)

  • Simón Pérez-Martínez

    (Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad Estatal de Milagro, Milagro 091050, Ecuador)

  • Hugo Romero Bonilla

    (Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y de Salud, Universidad Técnica de Machala, Machala 170517, Ecuador)

  • Marco Ordoñez-Viñan

    (Facultad de Mecánica, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Chimborazo, Riobamba 060155, Ecuador)

  • Omar Ruiz-Barzola

    (Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador)

  • Miguel A. Reinoso

    (Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad Estatal de Milagro, Milagro 091050, Ecuador)

Abstract

Bananas are one of the most important crops worldwide. However, a large amount of residual lignocellulosic biomass is generated during its production and is currently undervalued. These residues have the potential to be used as feedstock in bio-based processes with a biorefinery approach. This work is based on the valorization of banana leaf and has the following objectives (i) to determine the effect of certain physical and environmental factors on the concentration of glucose present in banana leaf extract (BLE), using a statistical regression model; (ii) to obtain Bacterial Nanocellulose (BNC), using BLE (70% v / v ) and kombucha tea as fermentation medium. In addition, the physicochemical properties of BNC were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicate that storage time, location, leaf color, and petiole type are factors related to BLE concentration, which is reduced by approximately 28.82% and 64.32% during storage times of five days. Regarding BNC biosynthesis, the results indicate that the highest yield, 0.031 g/g, was obtained at 21 days. Furthermore, it was determined that the highest production rate was 0.11 gL − 1 h − 1 at 11 days of fermentation. By FTIR, it was determined that the purification step with NaOH (3M) should be carried out for approximately two hours. This research supports the development of a circular bioeconomy around the banana value chain, as it presents a way of bioprocessing residual biomass that can be used to produce bioproducts.

Suggested Citation

  • Manuel Fiallos-Cárdenas & Angel D. Ramirez & Simón Pérez-Martínez & Hugo Romero Bonilla & Marco Ordoñez-Viñan & Omar Ruiz-Barzola & Miguel A. Reinoso, 2021. "Bacterial Nanocellulose Derived from Banana Leaf Extract: Yield and Variation Factors," Resources, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-19, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jresou:v:10:y:2021:i:12:p:121-:d:689722
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Velásquez-Arredondo, H.I. & Ruiz-Colorado, A.A. & De Oliveira, S., 2010. "Ethanol production process from banana fruit and its lignocellulosic residues: Energy analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(7), pages 3081-3087.
    2. Licari, A. & Monlau, F. & Solhy, A. & Buche, P. & Barakat, A., 2016. "Comparison of various milling modes combined to the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass for bioenergy production: Glucose yield and energy efficiency," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 335-342.
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