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Flow towards a Stagnation Region of a Curved Surface in a Hybrid Nanofluid with Buoyancy Effects

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  • Iskandar Waini

    (Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia
    Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Anuar Ishak

    (Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Ioan Pop

    (Department of Mathematics, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

Abstract

This paper examines the impact of hybrid nanoparticles on the stagnation point flow towards a curved surface. Silica (SiO 2 ) and alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles are added into water to form SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 /water hybrid nanofluid. Both buoyancy-opposing and -assisting flows are considered. The governing partial differential equations are reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations, before being coded in MATLAB software to obtain the numerical solutions. Findings show that the solutions are not unique, where two solutions are obtained, for both buoyancy-assisting and -opposing flow cases. The local Nusselt number increases in the presence of the hybrid nanoparticles. The temporal stability analysis shows that only one of the solutions is stable over time.

Suggested Citation

  • Iskandar Waini & Anuar Ishak & Ioan Pop, 2021. "Flow towards a Stagnation Region of a Curved Surface in a Hybrid Nanofluid with Buoyancy Effects," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(18), pages 1-13, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:9:y:2021:i:18:p:2330-:d:639488
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Siti Hidayah Muhad Saleh & Norihan Md Arifin & Roslinda Nazar & Ioan Pop, 2017. "Unsteady Micropolar Fluid over a Permeable Curved Stretching Shrinking Surface," Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Hindawi, vol. 2017, pages 1-13, February.
    2. Khan, M. Riaz & Pan, Kejia & Khan, Arif Ullah & Nadeem, S., 2020. "Dual solutions for mixed convection flow of SiO2−Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid near the stagnation point over a curved surface," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 547(C).
    3. Sarkar, Jahar & Ghosh, Pradyumna & Adil, Arjumand, 2015. "A review on hybrid nanofluids: Recent research, development and applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 164-177.
    4. Ranga Babu, J.A. & Kumar, K. Kiran & Srinivasa Rao, S., 2017. "State-of-art review on hybrid nanofluids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 551-565.
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    Cited by:

    1. Araceli Queiruga-Dios & María Jesus Santos Sánchez & Fatih Yilmaz & Deolinda M. L. Dias Rasteiro & Jesús Martín-Vaquero & Víctor Gayoso Martínez, 2022. "Mathematics and Its Applications in Science and Engineering," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(19), pages 1-2, September.

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