IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jmathe/v13y2025i6p985-d1614195.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Hybrid Genetic Algorithm-Based Optimal Sizing of a PV–Wind–Diesel–Battery Microgrid: A Case Study for the ICT Center, Ethiopia

Author

Listed:
  • Adnan Kedir Jarso

    (Department of Electrical Power and Control Engineering, Graduate School, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama P.O. Box 1888, Ethiopia)

  • Ganggyoo Jin

    (Department of Electrical Power and Control Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama P.O. Box 1888, Ethiopia)

  • Jongkap Ahn

    (Training Ship Operation Center, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong-si 53064, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

This study presents analysis and optimization of a standalone hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for Adama Science and Technology University’s ICT center in Ethiopia. The proposed hybrid system combines photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, a battery bank, and a diesel generator to ensure reliable and sustainable power. The objectives are to minimize the system’s total annualized cost and loss of power supply probability, while energy reliability is maintained. To optimize the component sizing and energy management strategy of the HRES, we formulated a mathematical model that incorporates the variability of renewable energy and load demand. This optimization problem is solved using a hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA). Simulation results indicate that the HGA yielded the best solution, characterized by the levelized cost of energy of USD 0.2546/kWh, the loss of power supply probability of 0.58%, and a convergence time of 197.2889 s.

Suggested Citation

  • Adnan Kedir Jarso & Ganggyoo Jin & Jongkap Ahn, 2025. "Hybrid Genetic Algorithm-Based Optimal Sizing of a PV–Wind–Diesel–Battery Microgrid: A Case Study for the ICT Center, Ethiopia," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-28, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:13:y:2025:i:6:p:985-:d:1614195
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/6/985/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/6/985/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Shin, Joohyun & Lee, Jay H. & Realff, Matthew J., 2017. "Operational planning and optimal sizing of microgrid considering multi-scale wind uncertainty," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 616-633.
    2. Hassan M. H. Farh & Abdullrahman A. Al-Shamma’a & Abdullah M. Al-Shaalan & Abdulaziz Alkuhayli & Abdullah M. Noman & Tarek Kandil, 2022. "Technical and Economic Evaluation for Off-Grid Hybrid Renewable Energy System Using Novel Bonobo Optimizer," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-18, January.
    3. Ndwali, Kasereka & Njiri, Jackson G. & Wanjiru, Evan M., 2020. "Multi-objective optimal sizing of grid connected photovoltaic batteryless system minimizing the total life cycle cost and the grid energy," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 1256-1265.
    4. Potrč, Sanja & Čuček, Lidija & Martin, Mariano & Kravanja, Zdravko, 2021. "Sustainable renewable energy supply networks optimization – The gradual transition to a renewable energy system within the European Union by 2050," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    5. Andrey M. Bramm & Stanislav A. Eroshenko & Alexandra I. Khalyasmaa & Pavel V. Matrenin, 2023. "Grey Wolf Optimizer for RES Capacity Factor Maximization at the Placement Planning Stage," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-22, June.
    6. Rehman, Shafiqur & Al-Abbadi, Naif M., 2007. "Wind shear coefficients and energy yield for Dhahran, Saudi Arabia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(5), pages 738-749.
    7. Guangqian, Du & Bekhrad, Kaveh & Azarikhah, Pouria & Maleki, Akbar, 2018. "A hybrid algorithm based optimization on modeling of grid independent biodiesel-based hybrid solar/wind systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 551-560.
    8. Xiangshu Lei, 2024. "A Photovoltaic Prediction Model with Integrated Attention Mechanism," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-16, July.
    9. Sukamongkol, Y. & Chungpaibulpatana, S. & Ongsakul, W., 2002. "A simulation model for predicting the performance of a solar photovoltaic system with alternating current loads," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 27(2), pages 237-258.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zakaria Belboul & Belgacem Toual & Abdellah Kouzou & Lakhdar Mokrani & Abderrahman Bensalem & Ralph Kennel & Mohamed Abdelrahem, 2022. "Multiobjective Optimization of a Hybrid PV/Wind/Battery/Diesel Generator System Integrated in Microgrid: A Case Study in Djelfa, Algeria," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-30, May.
    2. Motamedisedeh, Omid & Omrani, Sara & Karim, Azharul & Drogemuller, Robin & Walker, Geoffrey, 2025. "A comprehensive review of optimum integration of photovoltaic-based energy systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    3. Soheil Mohseni & Alan C. Brent, 2022. "A Metaheuristic-Based Micro-Grid Sizing Model with Integrated Arbitrage-Aware Multi-Day Battery Dispatching," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-24, October.
    4. Kim, Sunwoo & Choi, Yechan & Park, Joungho & Adams, Derrick & Heo, Seongmin & Lee, Jay H., 2024. "Multi-period, multi-timescale stochastic optimization model for simultaneous capacity investment and energy management decisions for hybrid Micro-Grids with green hydrogen production under uncertainty," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 190(PA).
    5. Cheick Tidjane Kone & Jean-Denis Mathias & Gil De Sousa, 2017. "Adaptive management of energy consumption, reliability and delay of wireless sensor node: Application to IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor node," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(2), pages 1-28, February.
    6. Nikolaos Apostolopoulos & Alexandros Kakouris & Panagiotis Liargovas & Petar Borisov & Teodor Radev & Sotiris Apostolopoulos & Sofia Daskou & Eleni Ε. Anastasopoulou, 2023. "Just Transition Policies, Power Plant Workers and Green Entrepreneurs in Greece, Cyprus and Bulgaria: Can Education and Retraining Meet the Challenge?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-21, November.
    7. Àlex Alonso & Jordi de la Hoz & Helena Martín & Sergio Coronas & Pep Salas & José Matas, 2020. "A Comprehensive Model for the Design of a Microgrid under Regulatory Constraints Using Synthetical Data Generation and Stochastic Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-26, October.
    8. Akhlaque Ahmad Khan & Ahmad Faiz Minai & Rupendra Kumar Pachauri & Hasmat Malik, 2022. "Optimal Sizing, Control, and Management Strategies for Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems: A Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-29, August.
    9. Łukasz Augustowski & Piotr Kułyk, 2024. "Conditions for the Development of Wind Energy for Individual Consumers: A Case Study in Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-13, July.
    10. Yavari, Mohammad & Bohreghi, Iman Mohammadi, 2025. "Developing a green-resilient power network and supply chain: Integrating renewable and traditional energy sources in the face of disruptions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 377(PC).
    11. Mohandes, M. & Rehman, S. & Rahman, S.M., 2011. "Estimation of wind speed profile using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(11), pages 4024-4032.
    12. Kamila Słupińska & Marek Wieruszewski & Piotr Szczypa & Anna Kożuch & Krzysztof Adamowicz, 2022. "Public Perception of the Use of Woody Biomass for Energy Purposes in the Evaluation of Content and Information Management on the Internet," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-11, September.
    13. Mohammed Kharrich & Salah Kamel & Mohamed H. Hassan & Salah K. ElSayed & Ibrahim B. M. Taha, 2021. "An Improved Heap-Based Optimizer for Optimal Design of a Hybrid Microgrid Considering Reliability and Availability Constraints," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-25, September.
    14. Qiu, Jing & Zhao, Junhua & Yang, Hongming & Wang, Dongxiao & Dong, Zhao Yang, 2018. "Planning of solar photovoltaics, battery energy storage system and gas micro turbine for coupled micro energy grids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C), pages 361-369.
    15. García-Gracia, M. & El Halabi, N. & Khodr, H.M. & Sanz, Jose Fco, 2010. "Improvement of large scale solar installation model for ground current analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(11), pages 3467-3474, November.
    16. Fernando García-Muñoz & Miguel Alfaro & Guillermo Fuertes & Manuel Vargas, 2022. "DC Optimal Power Flow Model to Assess the Irradiance Effect on the Sizing and Profitability of the PV-Battery System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-16, June.
    17. Toopshekan, Ashkan & Abedian, Ali & Azizi, Arian & Ahmadi, Esmaeil & Vaziri Rad, Mohammad Amin, 2023. "Optimization of a CHP system using a forecasting dispatch and teaching-learning-based optimization algorithm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    18. Saeed, Muhammad Abid & Ahmed, Zahoor & Zhang, Weidong, 2021. "Optimal approach for wind resource assessment using Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic: A case study for large-scale wind farm in Pakistan," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 1229-1248.
    19. Toopshekan, Ashkan & Yousefi, Hossein & Astaraei, Fatemeh Razi, 2020. "Technical, economic, and performance analysis of a hybrid energy system using a novel dispatch strategy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).
    20. Thirunavukkarasu, M. & Sawle, Yashwant & Lala, Himadri, 2023. "A comprehensive review on optimization of hybrid renewable energy systems using various optimization techniques," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:13:y:2025:i:6:p:985-:d:1614195. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.