Research on the Coupled and Coordinated Development of Economy–Transportation–Ecology Under the “Dual Carbon” Goals

This paper analyzed the current development status of the economy, transportation, and ecology in Xi’an and constructed a coupling coordination evaluation index system. Employing the entropy weight method to determine indicator weights, it adopted the coupling coordination degree model and the obstacle degree model to examine the coupling coordination development level of the three subsystems and identified key obstacle factors at the criterion layer and the indicator layer. The results showed the following: (1) From a temporal perspective, the coordination degree among the three subsystems in Xi’an increased significantly from 0.217 in 2013 to 0.712 in 2023. Its coupling coordination development level showed a steady evolutionary trend, evolving from “Moderately Imbalanced” to “Moderately Coordinated;” (2) The comprehensive ranking of the obstacle degrees of the three system layers was as follows: from 2013 to 2017, economy > transportation > ecology; in 2018, ecology > economy > transportation; in 2019, ecology > transportation > economy; from 2020 to 2023, transportation > ecology > economy; (3) The top five in the ranking of obstacle degree calculation results at the indicator layer were as follows in sequence: investment in environmental pollution control, built forestry areas, road passenger turnover, highway density, and length of highways; (4) The key obstacle factors at the indicator layer exhibited an evolutionary trend of “economic dominance → transportation dominance → interweaving of ecology and transportation.” Ultimately, it proposed corresponding implementation paths, aiming to promote the collaborative development of economic growth model innovation, green transformation of transportation, and ecological protection.