IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jmathe/v13y2025i13p2202-d1695661.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Reference Modulation-Based H ∞ Control for the Hybrid Energy Storage System in DC Microgrids

Author

Listed:
  • Khac Huan Su

    (School of Engineering, Eastern International University, Thu Dau Mot 820000, Vietnam
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Young Seop Son

    (Graduate School of Data Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Youngwoo Lee

    (School of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

In DC microgrids, optimizing the hybrid energy storage system (HESS) current control to meet the power requirements of the load is generally a difficult and challenging task. This is because the HESS always operates under various load conditions, which are influenced by measurement disturbances and parameter uncertainties. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the H ∞ state feedback control based on the reference modulation to improve the current tracking errors of the battery (Bat) and supercapacitor (SC) in the HESS for power tracking performance. Without altering the system control signal, the reference modulation technique combines the feedforward channel and output feedback signal directly to modulate the required currents of the Bat and SC derived from the required load power. The H ∞ state feedback control based on the required Bat and SC currents modulated by the reference modulation technique is proposed to improve the current tracking errors under the influence of measurement disturbances and parameter uncertainties without a disturbance observer. The ability of the reference modulation technique to attenuate the disturbance without the use of a disturbance observer is one advantage for improving transient performance. The improvement of the HESS’s power tracking performance in DC microgrids is confirmed by study results presented under the influence of measurement disturbances for nominal parameters and parameter uncertainties.

Suggested Citation

  • Khac Huan Su & Young Seop Son & Youngwoo Lee, 2025. "Reference Modulation-Based H ∞ Control for the Hybrid Energy Storage System in DC Microgrids," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-21, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:13:y:2025:i:13:p:2202-:d:1695661
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/13/2202/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/13/2202/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Olabi, Abdul Ghani & Abbas, Qaisar & Al Makky, Ahmed & Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali, 2022. "Supercapacitors as next generation energy storage devices: Properties and applications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
    2. Djamila Rekioua, 2023. "Energy Storage Systems for Photovoltaic and Wind Systems: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-26, May.
    3. Djamila Rekioua & Khoudir Kakouche & Abdulrahman Babqi & Zahra Mokrani & Adel Oubelaid & Toufik Rekioua & Abdelghani Azil & Enas Ali & Ali H. Kasem Alaboudy & Saad A. Mohamed Abdelwahab, 2023. "Optimized Power Management Approach for Photovoltaic Systems with Hybrid Battery-Supercapacitor Storage," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-30, September.
    4. Khac Huan Su & Keunhoon Park & Young Seop Son & Youngwoo Lee, 2024. "Performance Optimization with LPV Synthesis for Disturbance Attenuation in Planar Motors," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-25, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Olga Bogdanova & Karīna Viskuba & Laila Zemīte, 2023. "A Review of Barriers and Enables in Demand Response Performance Chain," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-33, September.
    2. M. M. Hasan & Shakhawat Hossain & M. Mofijur & Zobaidul Kabir & Irfan Anjum Badruddin & T. M. Yunus Khan & Esam Jassim, 2023. "Harnessing Solar Power: A Review of Photovoltaic Innovations, Solar Thermal Systems, and the Dawn of Energy Storage Solutions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-30, September.
    3. Samra Ghafoor & Nimra Nadeem & Muhammad Zahid & Usman Zubair, 2024. "Freestanding carbon‐based hybrid anodes for flexible supercapacitors: Part I—An inclusive outlook on current collectors and configurations," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(2), March.
    4. Md. Tanjil Sarker & Mohammed Hussein Saleh Mohammed Haram & Siow Jat Shern & Gobbi Ramasamy & Fahmid Al Farid, 2024. "Readiness of Malaysian PV System to Utilize Energy Storage System with Second-Life Electric Vehicle Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-23, August.
    5. Chen, Bin & He, Guo & Hu, Lin & Li, Heng & Wang, Miaoben & Zhang, Rui & Gao, Kai, 2025. "Energy management of electric vehicles based on improved long short term memory network and data-enabled predictive control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 384(C).
    6. Reveles-Miranda, María & Ramirez-Rivera, Victor & Pacheco-Catalán, Daniella, 2024. "Hybrid energy storage: Features, applications, and ancillary benefits," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    7. Lin, Boqiang & Liu, Zhiwei, 2024. "Assessment of flexible coal power and battery energy storage system in supporting renewable energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    8. Wang, Bin & Wang, Chaohui & Wang, Zhiyu & Ni, Siliang & Yang, Yixin & Tian, Pengyu, 2023. "Adaptive state of energy evaluation for supercapacitor in emergency power system of more-electric aircraft," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PA).
    9. Faris E. Alfaris & Faris Almutairi, 2024. "Performance Assessment User Interface to Enhance the Utilization of Grid-Connected Residential PV Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-26, February.
    10. Mansour Selseleh Jonban & Luis Romeral & Elyas Rakhshani & Mousa Marzband, 2023. "Flexible Smart Energy-Management Systems Using an Online Tendering Process Framework for Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-19, June.
    11. Liu, Hongwei & Wang, Yongzhen & Lv, Liang & Liu, Xiao & Wang, Ziqi & Liu, Jun, 2023. "Oxygen-enriched hierarchical porous carbons derived from lignite for high-performance supercapacitors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    12. Mark Kipngetich Kiptoo & Oludamilare Bode Adewuyi & Masahiro Furukakoi & Paras Mandal & Tomonobu Senjyu, 2023. "Integrated Multi-Criteria Planning for Resilient Renewable Energy-Based Microgrid Considering Advanced Demand Response and Uncertainty," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-25, September.
    13. Duan, Hanbing & Zhang, Wenye & Guo, Zhongyuan & Su, Xiaoxiang & Liu, Yongcun & Meng, Hao & Yu, Xiang & Qin, Gang & Chen, Qiang & Yang, Jia, 2023. "Tough, highly adaptable and self-healing integrated supercapacitor based on double network gel polymer electrolyte," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    14. Melkiyur, Isacfranklin & Rathinam, Yuvakkumar & Kumar, P. Senthil & Sankaiya, Asaithambi & Pitchaiya, Selvakumar & Ganesan, Ravi & Velauthapillai, Dhayalan, 2023. "A comprehensive review on novel quaternary metal oxide and sulphide electrode materials for supercapacitor: Origin, fundamentals, present perspectives and future aspects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    15. Xia, Changlei & Ren, Tiyao & Darabi, Rozhin & Shabani-Nooshabadi, Mehdi & Jaromír Klemeš, Jiří & Karaman, Ceren & Karimi, Fatemeh & Wu, Yingji & Kamyab, Hesam & Vasseghian, Yasser & Chelliapan, Shrees, 2023. "Spotlighting the boosted energy storage capacity of CoFe2O4/Graphene nanoribbons: A promising positive electrode material for high-energy-density asymmetric supercapacitor," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    16. Yue, Zongyu & Wang, Xiaosa & Liu, Haifeng & Li, Bowen & Yao, Mingfa, 2024. "Exploring the application of oxy-fuel combustion to methanol spark ignition engines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 367(C).
    17. C Popa, 2023. "Comprehensive analysis of offshore wind-photovoltaic hybrid systems: unveiling state-of-the-art autonomous components for maritime applications," Technium, Technium Science, vol. 19(1), pages 50-58.
    18. Khalili, Siavash & Lopez, Gabriel & Breyer, Christian, 2025. "Role and trends of flexibility options in 100% renewable energy system analyses towards the Power-to-X Economy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 212(C).
    19. Chunchao Wu & Yonghong Zhao & Wulin Li & Jianjun Fan & Haixiang Xu & Dingkun Yuan & Zhongqian Ling, 2024. "Layered Operation Optimization Methods for Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Technology and Multi-Energy Flow Coupling Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-19, December.
    20. Zhang, Ziyun & Wang, Shilong & Chen, Xiaomin & Han, Sheng & Jiang, Jibo, 2024. "Built-in electric field and selenium vacancies synergistically enhance NiSe2@Co0.85Se high-performance supercapacitors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:13:y:2025:i:13:p:2202-:d:1695661. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.