Reference Modulation-Based H ∞ Control for the Hybrid Energy Storage System in DC Microgrids

In DC microgrids, optimizing the hybrid energy storage system (HESS) current control to meet the power requirements of the load is generally a difficult and challenging task. This is because the HESS always operates under various load conditions, which are influenced by measurement disturbances and parameter uncertainties. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the H ∞ state feedback control based on the reference modulation to improve the current tracking errors of the battery (Bat) and supercapacitor (SC) in the HESS for power tracking performance. Without altering the system control signal, the reference modulation technique combines the feedforward channel and output feedback signal directly to modulate the required currents of the Bat and SC derived from the required load power. The H ∞ state feedback control based on the required Bat and SC currents modulated by the reference modulation technique is proposed to improve the current tracking errors under the influence of measurement disturbances and parameter uncertainties without a disturbance observer. The ability of the reference modulation technique to attenuate the disturbance without the use of a disturbance observer is one advantage for improving transient performance. The improvement of the HESS’s power tracking performance in DC microgrids is confirmed by study results presented under the influence of measurement disturbances for nominal parameters and parameter uncertainties.