IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jlands/v13y2024i8p1259-d1453451.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

An Equity Evaluation of Healthcare Accessibility across Age Strata Using the G2SFCA Method: A Case Study in Karamay District, China

Author

Listed:
  • Lu Liu

    (College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Runyi Gao

    (College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Li Zhang

    (College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
    Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy Saving Study of Dense Habitat (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200092, China)

Abstract

Equitable access to healthcare services is essential for residents’ well-being and social equity, requiring the rational spatial distribution of healthcare facilities in urban planning. Compared with major studies on the spatial accessibility and equity of healthcare services in first-tier cities, second-tier cities, which form the foundational structure of the global urban system, have not be given sufficient attention. Therefore, this study takes Karamay District in Karamay as a case study to analyze the spatial equity of healthcare services using place-based accessibility measures. For accessibility calculations, we employ the Gaussian two-step floating catchment area method to separately analyze the accessibility to hospitals and primary healthcare (PHC) institutions, considering factors such as the number of facilities, population, distance, and transportation modes. Second, we utilize global and local Moran’s I for spatial analysis to identify areas with varying levels of accessibility. Furthermore, considering the spatial equity for different social groups, this study innovatively proposes an analytical framework for assessing healthcare accessibility and equity across age groups using residential-level data and an adjusted search radius in second-tier cities, typically those with small-scale urban areas. The results reveal significant spatial clustering in healthcare accessibility, similar to that observed in most first-tier cities, as well as notable differences in the spatial distribution between hospital accessibility and PHC accessibility. Regarding age strata, results show that the elderly have lower access to hospitals but higher access to PHC institutions, which is opposite to the situation observed for children. Overall, second-tier cities demonstrate better equity in healthcare accessibility compared to first-tier cities, particularly regarding hospital accessibility. However, there are minor inequities in PHC accessibility for children aged 0–12 years. Our findings may provide valuable insights and essential data support for healthcare resource allocation and land use planning in second-tier cities.

Suggested Citation

  • Lu Liu & Runyi Gao & Li Zhang, 2024. "An Equity Evaluation of Healthcare Accessibility across Age Strata Using the G2SFCA Method: A Case Study in Karamay District, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-23, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:13:y:2024:i:8:p:1259-:d:1453451
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/13/8/1259/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/13/8/1259/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yingyi Zhang, 2022. "Access to Healthcare Facilities and Women’s Healthcare Requirements in Urban Areas: A Case Study of Beijing," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-13, March.
    2. Meihan Jin & Lu Liu & De Tong & Yongxi Gong & Yu Liu, 2019. "Evaluating the Spatial Accessibility and Distribution Balance of Multi-Level Medical Service Facilities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-19, March.
    3. Leila Agha & Keith Marzilli Ericson & Xiaoxi Zhao, 2023. "The Impact of Organizational Boundaries on Health Care Coordination and Utilization," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 15(3), pages 184-214, August.
    4. Markus Schläpfer & Lei Dong & Kevin O’Keeffe & Paolo Santi & Michael Szell & Hadrien Salat & Samuel Anklesaria & Mohammad Vazifeh & Carlo Ratti & Geoffrey B. West, 2021. "The universal visitation law of human mobility," Nature, Nature, vol. 593(7860), pages 522-527, May.
    5. Amritpal Kaur Khakh & Victoria Fast & Rizwan Shahid, 2019. "Spatial Accessibility to Primary Healthcare Services by Multimodal Means of Travel: Synthesis and Case Study in the City of Calgary," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-19, January.
    6. Lan Ma & Nianxue Luo & Taili Wan & Chunchun Hu & Mingjun Peng, 2018. "An Improved Healthcare Accessibility Measure Considering the Temporal Dimension and Population Demand of Different Ages," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-19, October.
    7. Neutens, Tijs, 2015. "Accessibility, equity and health care: review and research directions for transport geographers," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 14-27.
    8. Khan, Abdullah A., 1992. "An integrated approach to measuring potential spatial access to health care services," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 26(4), pages 275-287, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Pengjun Wu & Dandan Xu & Nannan Cui & Xiaowen Li & Yao Liu, 2025. "Study on the Accessibility of Urban Parks Within the Framework of Kunming’s 15-Min Living Circle," Land, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-25, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zhuolin Tao & Qi Wang, 2022. "Facility or Transport Inequality? Decomposing Healthcare Accessibility Inequality in Shenzhen, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-14, June.
    2. Chen, Wendong & Cheng, Long & Chen, Xuewu & Chen, Jingxu & Cao, Mengqiu, 2021. "Measuring accessibility to health care services for older bus passengers: A finer spatial resolution," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    3. Meihan Jin & Lu Liu & De Tong & Yongxi Gong & Yu Liu, 2019. "Evaluating the Spatial Accessibility and Distribution Balance of Multi-Level Medical Service Facilities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-19, March.
    4. Sharma, Gajanand & Patil, Gopal R., 2021. "Public transit accessibility approach to understand the equity for public healthcare services: A case study of Greater Mumbai," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    5. Gu, Zongni & Luo, Xiaolong & Tang, Mi & Liu, Xiaoman, 2023. "Does the edge effect impact the healthcare equity? An examination of the equity in hospitals accessibility in the edge city in multi-scale," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
    6. Chen, Yue & Jia, Shunping & Xu, Qi & Xiao, Zhongsheng & Zhang, Shujing, 2023. "Measuring the dynamic accessibility to COVID-19 testing sites in the 15-min city: A focus on service congestion and mobility difference," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    7. Meijie Chen & Yumin Chen & Xiaoguang Wang & Huangyuan Tan & Fenglan Luo, 2019. "Spatial Difference of Transit-Based Accessibility to Hospitals by Regions Using Spatially Adjusted ANOVA," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-20, May.
    8. Jingya Luan & Yuhong Tian & Chi Yung Jim & Xu Liu & Mengxuan Yan & Lizhu Wu, 2023. "Assessing Spatial Accessibility of Community Hospitals for the Elderly in Beijing, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-19, January.
    9. Peng Zeng & Zongyao Sun & Yuqi Chen & Zhi Qiao & Liangwa Cai, 2021. "COVID-19: A Comparative Study of Population Aggregation Patterns in the Central Urban Area of Tianjin, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-15, February.
    10. Amritpal Kaur Khakh & Victoria Fast & Rizwan Shahid, 2019. "Spatial Accessibility to Primary Healthcare Services by Multimodal Means of Travel: Synthesis and Case Study in the City of Calgary," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-19, January.
    11. Yue Liu & Yuwei Su & Xiaoyu Li, 2022. "Analyzing the Spatial Equity of Walking-Based Chronic Disease Pharmacies: A Case Study in Wuhan, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-14, December.
    12. Xu, Wangtu (Ato) & Li, Yongling & Wang, Hui, 2016. "Transit accessibility for commuters considering the demand elasticities of distance and transfer," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 138-156.
    13. Chen, Bi Yu & Cheng, Xue-Ping & Kwan, Mei-Po & Schwanen, Tim, 2020. "Evaluating spatial accessibility to healthcare services under travel time uncertainty: A reliability-based floating catchment area approach," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    14. Tao, Zhuolin & Zhao, Min, 2023. "Planning for equal transit-based accessibility of healthcare facilities: A case study of Shenzhen, China," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    15. Marino Domenico & Quattrone Giuseppe, 2025. "Modelling health mobility for equity distribution services in the emergency health sector," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 74(2), pages 1-30, June.
    16. Antonio Abatemarco & Massimo Aria & Sergio Beraldo & Michela Collaro, 2023. "Measuring Access and Inequality of Access to Health Care: a Policy-Oriented Decomposition," CSEF Working Papers 666, Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF), University of Naples, Italy.
    17. Zhang, Yuan & Chen, Xiao-Jian & Gao, Song & Gong, Yongxi & Liu, Yu, 2024. "Integrating smart card records and dockless bike-sharing data to understand the effect of the built environment on cycling as a feeder mode for metro trips," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
    18. Kanuganti, Shalini & Sarkar, Ashoke Kumar & Singh, Ajit Pratap, 2016. "Evaluation of access to health care in rural areas using enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 45-52.
    19. Hone-Jay Chu & Bo-Cheng Lin & Ming-Run Yu & Ta-Chien Chan, 2016. "Minimizing Spatial Variability of Healthcare Spatial Accessibility—The Case of a Dengue Fever Outbreak," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-11, December.
    20. Zihe Wang & Gege Yan & Siyuan Wang, 2022. "Fairness Evaluation of Landscape Justice in Urban Park Green Space: A Case Study of the Daxing Part of Yizhuang New Town, Beijing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-18, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:13:y:2024:i:8:p:1259-:d:1453451. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.