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Rapid Reclamation and Degradation of Suaeda salsa Saltmarsh along Coastal China’s Northern Yellow Sea

Author

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  • Jing Zhang

    (Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource and Epidemic Disease Prevention, College of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
    State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Yan Zhang

    (Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource and Epidemic Disease Prevention, College of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China)

  • Huw Lloyd

    (Ecology and Environment Research Centre, Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK)

  • Zhengwang Zhang

    (Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

  • Donglai Li

    (Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource and Epidemic Disease Prevention, College of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China)

Abstract

Suaeda salsa saltmarshes are an important coastal wetland habitat of China’s northern Yellow Sea, which plays a critical role in sequestering carbon (blue carbon), protecting shorelines, maintaining biodiversity, and has substantial economic value (e.g., ecotourism). However, the area of S. salsa has been rapidly declining due to several different threats from reclamation and invasive species that impact its natural succession. Here, we map the changes in the distribution of the S. salsa saltmarshes along the northern Yellow Sea of China (NYSC) at 5-year intervals by applying the supervised maximum likelihood method to analyze Landsat images from 1988 to 2018 and investigate the potential impact of three important factors on habitat change by analyzing the temporal changes in S. salsa saltmarshes with other land covers. S. salsa saltmarsh areas have decreased by 63% (264 km 2 ha to 99 km 2 ), and the average loss of S. salsa saltmarshes was 5.5 km 2 /year along the NYSC over the past three decades. There have been many dramatic declines in the two main distribution areas of S. salsa saltmarshes with a 77% loss of habitat area in Liaodong Bay (from 112 km 2 to 26 km 2 ) and a 52% loss in the Yellow River Delta wetland-Guangli-Zhima estuarine wetland (from 137 km 2 to 65 km 2 ). Land reclamation is the most important impact factor in the loss of S. salsa saltmarshes, while there have been limited effects of natural succession and smooth cordgrass ( Spartina alterniflora ) invasion. In light of the important ecological services and economic value of the S. salsa habitat, emergency conservation actions (e.g., habitat restoration, strictly supervision) are needed to limit the rapid habitat loss, which should include the immediate cessation of extensive land reclamation along the NYSC.

Suggested Citation

  • Jing Zhang & Yan Zhang & Huw Lloyd & Zhengwang Zhang & Donglai Li, 2021. "Rapid Reclamation and Degradation of Suaeda salsa Saltmarsh along Coastal China’s Northern Yellow Sea," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-13, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jlands:v:10:y:2021:i:8:p:835-:d:611081
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Rodolfo Silva & María Luisa Martínez & Brigitta I. van Tussenbroek & Laura Odette Guzmán-Rodríguez & Edgar Mendoza & Jorge López-Portillo, 2020. "A Framework to Manage Coastal Squeeze," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-20, December.
    3. Colin E. Studds & Bruce E. Kendall & Nicholas J. Murray & Howard B. Wilson & Danny I. Rogers & Robert S. Clemens & Ken Gosbell & Chris J. Hassell & Rosalind Jessop & David S. Melville & David A. Milto, 2017. "Rapid population decline in migratory shorebirds relying on Yellow Sea tidal mudflats as stopover sites," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 8(1), pages 1-7, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Xu Chen & Mingliang Zhang & Hengzhi Jiang, 2022. "Morphological Characteristics and Hydrological Connectivity Evaluation of Tidal Creeks in Coastal Wetlands," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-17, October.
    2. Ziming Song & Yingyue Sun & Peng Chen & Mingming Jia, 2022. "Assessing the Ecosystem Health of Coastal Wetland Vegetation ( Suaeda salsa ) Using the Pressure State Response Model, a Case of the Liao River Estuary in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-14, January.

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