IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jjrfmx/v14y2021i7p335-d597390.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Computational Analysis of the Properties of Post-Keynesian Endogenous Money Systems

Author

Listed:
  • Stef Kuypers

    (Happonomy VZW, 3000 Leuven, Belgium)

  • Thomas Goorden

    (Happonomy VZW, 3000 Leuven, Belgium)

  • Bruno Delepierre

    (Happonomy VZW, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
    Faculty of Economics and Business, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 69, 3000 Leuven, Belgium)

Abstract

The debate about whether or not a growth imperative exists in debt-based, interest-bearing monetary systems has not yet been settled. It is the goal of this paper to introduce a new perspective in this discussion. For that purpose, an SFC computational model is constructed that simulates a post-Keynesian endogenous money system without including economic parameters such as production, wages, consumption and savings. The case is made that isolating the monetary system allows for better analysis of the inherent properties of such a system. Loan demands, which are assumed to happen, are the driving force of the model. Simulations can be run in two modes, each based on a different assumption. Either the growth rate of the money stock is assumed to be constant or the loan ratio, expressed as a percentage of the money stock, is assumed to be constant. Simulations with varying parameters were run in order to determine the conditions under which the model converges to stability, which is defined as converging to a bounded debt ratio. The analysis showed that the stability of the model is dependent on net bank profit ratios, expressed relative to their debt assets, remaining below the growth rate of the money stock. Based on these findings, it is argued that the question about the existence of a growth imperative in debt-based, interest-bearing monetary systems needs to be reframed. The question becomes whether a steady-state economy can realistically support such a system without destabilising it. In order to answer this question, the real-world behaviour of economic actors must be included in the model. It was concluded that there are indications that it might not be feasible for a steady-state economy to support a stable debt-based, interest-bearing monetary system without strong interventions. However, more research is necessary for a definite answer. Real-world observable data should be analysed through the lens of the presented model to bring more clarity.

Suggested Citation

  • Stef Kuypers & Thomas Goorden & Bruno Delepierre, 2021. "Computational Analysis of the Properties of Post-Keynesian Endogenous Money Systems," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-25, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jjrfmx:v:14:y:2021:i:7:p:335-:d:597390
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1911-8074/14/7/335/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1911-8074/14/7/335/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Louison Cahen-Fourot & Marc Lavoie, 2016. "Ecological monetary economics: a post-Keynesian critique," Post-Print hal-01343731, HAL.
    2. Hallegatte, Stephane & Heal, Geoffrey & Fay, Marianne & Treguer, David, 2011. "From growth to green growth -- a framework," Policy Research Working Paper Series 5872, The World Bank.
    3. Caiani, Alessandro & Godin, Antoine & Caverzasi, Eugenio & Gallegati, Mauro & Kinsella, Stephen & Stiglitz, Joseph E., 2016. "Agent based-stock flow consistent macroeconomics: Towards a benchmark model," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 375-408.
    4. Simone D’Alessandro & André Cieplinski & Tiziano Distefano & Kristofer Dittmer, 2020. "Feasible alternatives to green growth," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 3(4), pages 329-335, April.
    5. Cahen-Fourot, Louison & Lavoie, Marc, 2016. "Ecological monetary economics: A post-Keynesian critique," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 163-168.
    6. Werner, Richard A., 2014. "Can banks individually create money out of nothing? — The theories and the empirical evidence," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 1-19.
    7. Stéphane Hallegatte, 2012. "From Growth to Green Growth," Review of Environment, Energy and Economics - Re3, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, August.
    8. Joshua Farley & Matthew Burke & Gary Flomenhoft & Brian Kelly & D. Forrest Murray & Stephen Posner & Matthew Putnam & Adam Scanlan & Aaron Witham, 2013. "Monetary and Fiscal Policies for a Finite Planet," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 5(6), pages 1-25, June.
    9. Nayan, Sabri & Ahmad, Mahyudin & Kadir, Norsiah & Abdullah, Mat Saad, 2013. "Post Keynesian Endogeneity of Money Supply: Panel Evidence," MPRA Paper 48716, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Werner, Richard A., 2016. "A lost century in economics: Three theories of banking and the conclusive evidence," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 361-379.
    11. Jackson, Tim & Victor, Peter A., 2015. "Does credit create a ‘growth imperative’? A quasi-stationary economy with interest-bearing debt," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 32-48.
    12. Michalis Nikiforos & Gennaro Zezza, 2017. "Stock-flow Consistent Macroeconomic Models: A Survey," Economics Working Paper Archive wp_891, Levy Economics Institute.
    13. Richters, Oliver & Siemoneit, Andreas, 2017. "Consistency and stability analysis of models of a monetary growth imperative," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 114-125.
    14. Mr. Marco Gross & Christoph Siebenbrunner, 2019. "Money Creation in Fiat and Digital Currency Systems," IMF Working Papers 2019/285, International Monetary Fund.
    15. Ozili, Peterson K, 2021. "Digital finance, green finance and social finance: is there a link?," MPRA Paper 110151, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Kotaro Ishi & Mr. Kenji Fujita & Mr. Mark R. Stone, 2011. "Should Unconventional Balance Sheet Policies Be Added to the Central Bank toolkit? a Review of the Experience so Far," IMF Working Papers 2011/145, International Monetary Fund.
    17. Abhijit V. Banerjee & Eric S. Maskin, 1996. "A Walrasian Theory of Money and Barter," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 111(4), pages 955-1005.
    18. McLeay, Michael & Radia, Amar & Thomas, Ryland, 2014. "Money creation in the modern economy," Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin, Bank of England, vol. 54(1), pages 14-27.
    19. Brett Fiebiger & Scott Fullwiler & Stephanie Kelton & L. Randall Wray, 2012. "Modern Monetary Theory: A Debate," Working Papers wp279, Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
    20. Alex Bowen & Cameron Hepburn, 2014. "Green growth: an assessment," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited, vol. 30(3), pages 407-422.
    21. William Nordhaus, 2015. "Climate Clubs: Overcoming Free-Riding in International Climate Policy," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 105(4), pages 1339-1370, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Larue, Louis, 2020. "The Ecology of Money: A Critical Assessment," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    2. Richters, Oliver & Siemoneit, Andreas, 2017. "Fear of stagnation? A review on growth imperatives," VÖÖ Discussion Papers 6/2017, Vereinigung für Ökologische Ökonomie e.V. (VÖÖ).
    3. Etienne Espagne, 2018. "Money, Finance and Climate: The Elusive Quest for a Truly Integrated Assessment Model," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 60(1), pages 131-143, March.
    4. Eckhard Hein & Valeria Jimenez, 2022. "The macroeconomic implications of zero growth: a post-Keynesian approach," European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention, Edward Elgar Publishing, vol. 19(1), pages 41-60, April.
    5. Richters, Oliver & Siemoneit, Andreas, 2019. "Wachstumszwang – eine Übersicht," ZOE Discussion Papers 3, ZOE. institute for future-fit economies, Bonn.
    6. Richters, Oliver & Siemoneit, Andreas, 2017. "Consistency and stability analysis of models of a monetary growth imperative," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 114-125.
    7. Olk, Christopher & Schneider, Colleen & Hickel, Jason, 2023. "How to pay for saving the world: Modern Monetary Theory for a degrowth transition," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 120343, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    8. Joe Ament, 2019. "Toward an Ecological Monetary Theory," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-20, February.
    9. Svartzman, Romain & Dron, Dominique & Espagne, Etienne, 2019. "From ecological macroeconomics to a theory of endogenous money for a finite planet," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 108-120.
    10. Barrett, Adam B., 2018. "Stability of Zero-growth Economics Analysed with a Minskyan Model," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 228-239.
    11. Li, Boyao & Wang, Yougui, 2020. "Money creation within the macroeconomy: An integrated model of banking," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    12. Adam B. Barrett, 2017. "Stability of zero-growth economics analysed with a Minskyan model," Papers 1704.08161, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2017.
    13. van Eeghen, Piet-Hein, 2021. "Funding money-creating banks: Cash funding, balance sheet funding and the moral hazard of currency elasticity," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    14. Jacques, Pierre & Delannoy, Louis & Andrieu, Baptiste & Yilmaz, Devrim & Jeanmart, Hervé & Godin, Antoine, 2023. "Assessing the economic consequences of an energy transition through a biophysical stock-flow consistent model," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
    15. Richters, Oliver, 2021. "Modeling the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of bounded rationality and economic constraints," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 846-866.
    16. Michalis Nikiforos & Gennaro Zezza, 2017. "Stock†Flow Consistent Macroeconomic Models: A Survey," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(5), pages 1204-1239, December.
    17. Li, Boyao, 2022. "The macroeconomic effects of Basel III regulations with endogenous credit and money creation," MPRA Paper 113873, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. Hartley, Tilman & Kallis, Giorgos, 2021. "Interest-bearing loans and unpayable debts in slow-growing economies: Insights from ten historical cases," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    19. Muhammad A Ingratubun & Akhmad Fauzi, 2021. "Opening the Black Box: Disbursement Delays Impacts on Growth in Asian Development Bank Loan Projects in Indonesia," ConScienS Conference Proceedings 029mi, Research Association for Interdisciplinary Studies.
    20. Cieplinski, André & D'Alessandro, Simone & Guarnieri, Pietro, 2021. "Environmental impacts of productivity-led working time reduction," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jjrfmx:v:14:y:2021:i:7:p:335-:d:597390. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.