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Sustainability-Linked Bonds Research: A Bibliometric and Content Analysis Review

Author

Listed:
  • Clarisse Heck Machado

    (CEF.UP, School of Economics and Management, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-464 Porto, Portugal)

  • Miguel Sousa

    (CEF.UP, School of Economics and Management, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-464 Porto, Portugal)

  • Manuel Castelo Branco

    (CEF.UP, School of Economics and Management, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-464 Porto, Portugal)

Abstract

One of the most significant recent developments in the debt financing sector pertains to new products and standards applicable to sustainability-related issues. Therefore, research on this has increased substantially. One of the most recent such developments is that of sustainability-linked bonds (SLBs). In 2023, global sustainable bond issuance experienced an increase of three percent, nearly reaching USD 1 trillion with significant shifts observed in categories, including green-, social-, sustainability-, and sustainability-linked bonds (GSSSBs). This paper presents one of the most extensive literature reviews on SLBs research, examining trends, research evolution, thematic landscape, and underexplored topics by employing bibliometric and content analysis approaches. It identifies future research avenues and trends, including supporting issuers in transitioning towards net-zero emissions or broader objectives, such as implementing sustainability targets to fight climate change, the premium associated with bond pricing, the potential for greenwashing, and the blockchain technology for issuance and target’s monitoring transparency. In addition, this paper discusses the new trend of thematic bonds, such as those addressing gender characteristics, as innovative strategies to promote societal equity. The systematic literature review also explores the significance of SLBs as public instruments, like sovereign bonds or private instruments, while identifying research areas, including linking SLBs with the evolution of management theory.

Suggested Citation

  • Clarisse Heck Machado & Miguel Sousa & Manuel Castelo Branco, 2025. "Sustainability-Linked Bonds Research: A Bibliometric and Content Analysis Review," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-22, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijfss:v:13:y:2025:i:2:p:62-:d:1631246
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Donthu, Naveen & Kumar, Satish & Mukherjee, Debmalya & Pandey, Nitesh & Lim, Weng Marc, 2021. "How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 285-296.
    2. Marcin Liberadzki & Piotr Jaworski & Kamil Liberadzki, 2021. "Spread Analysis of the Sustainability-Linked Bonds Tied to an Issuer’s Greenhouse Gases Emissions Reduction Target," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-12, November.
    3. Eleonora Broccardo & Maria Mazzuca & Maria Laura Frigotto, 2020. "Social impact bonds: The evolution of research and a review of the academic literature," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 27(3), pages 1316-1332, May.
    4. Hutchinson, Mark C. & Lucey, Brian, 2024. "A bibliometric and systemic literature review of biodiversity finance," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    5. Chung, Kenneth Hsien Yung & Li, Dan & Adriaens, Peter, 2023. "Technology-enabled financing of sustainable infrastructure: A case for blockchains and decentralized oracle networks," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    6. Sudha Mathew & Sheeja Sivaprasad, 2024. "An empirical analysis of corporate sustainability bonds," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(4), pages 3299-3316, May.
    7. Gong Cheng & Torsten Ehlers & Frank Packer, 2022. "Sovereigns and sustainable bonds: challenges and new options," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, September.
    8. Juan Giráldez & Stephanie Fontana, 2022. "Sustainability-linked bonds: the next frontier in sovereign financing," Capital Markets Law Journal, Oxford University Press, vol. 17(1), pages 8-19.
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    Cited by:

    1. Salguero, Ricardo Alonzo Fernandez, 2025. "Financial Impact of Climate Risk and Green Finance: A Review of Meta-Analyses, Reviews, and Theory," SocArXiv aqy84_v1, Center for Open Science.

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