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Independent Correlates of Glycemic Control among Adults with Diabetes in South Africa

Author

Listed:
  • Abdulaziz Hamid

    (Department of Medicine, Medical School, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA)

  • Aprill Z. Dawson

    (Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
    Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA)

  • Yilin Xu

    (Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA)

  • Leonard E. Egede

    (Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
    Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA)

Abstract

Background: Globally, the prevalence of diabetes is increasing, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including those in the sub-Saharan African region. However, the independent socioeconomic correlates of glycemic control as measured by hemoglobin A1C have yet to be identified. Therefore, the aim of this analysis was to understand the independent correlates of glycemic control in South Africa. Methods: Data from the 2016 South Africa Demographic and Health Survey on adults with diabetes were used for this analysis. The dependent variable, glycemic control, was defined using hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Independent variables included: age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, region, urban/rural residence, ability to read, education, insurance, wealth, occupation, and employment in the last year. Analysis of variance was used to test for differences in mean HbA1c for each category of all independent variables, and a fully adjusted linear regression model was used to identify independent correlates of glycemic control (HbA1c). Results: Among the 772 people included in this analysis, there were significant differences in mean HbA1c by age ( p < 0.001), ethnicity ( p < 0.001), place of residence ( p = 0.024), wealth index ( p = 0.001), and employment in the last year ( p = 0.008). Independent correlates of HbA1c included age, ethnicity, and wealth index. Conclusions: This study used data from a large diverse population with a high prevalence of diabetes in sub-Saharan Africa and provides new evidence on the correlates of glycemic control and potential targets for interventions designed to lower HbA1c and improve diabetes-related health outcomes of adults in South Africa.

Suggested Citation

  • Abdulaziz Hamid & Aprill Z. Dawson & Yilin Xu & Leonard E. Egede, 2024. "Independent Correlates of Glycemic Control among Adults with Diabetes in South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(4), pages 1-12, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:21:y:2024:i:4:p:486-:d:1376682
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tanya Lee Pauw, 2022. "Catching up with the constitution: An analysis of National Health Insurance in South Africa post-apartheid," Development Southern Africa, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(6), pages 921-934, November.
    2. David Mhlanga & Rufaro Garidzirai, 2020. "The Influence of Racial Differences in the Demand for Healthcare in South Africa: A Case of Public Healthcare," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-10, July.
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