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Mental Health of Healthcare Professionals: Two Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal

Author

Listed:
  • Alexandra Costa

    (Departamento de Promoção da Saúde e Prevenção de Doenças Não-Transmissíveis, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Teresa Caldas de Almeida

    (Departamento de Promoção da Saúde e Prevenção de Doenças Não-Transmissíveis, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Mónica Fialho

    (Environmental Health Behaviour Lab, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
    Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2649-028 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Célia Rasga

    (Departamento de Promoção da Saúde e Prevenção de Doenças Não-Transmissíveis, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
    BioISI–Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Hugo Martiniano

    (Departamento de Promoção da Saúde e Prevenção de Doenças Não-Transmissíveis, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
    BioISI–Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Osvaldo Santos

    (Environmental Health Behaviour Lab, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
    Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
    Unbreakable Idea Research, 2550-426 Painho, Portugal)

  • Ana Virgolino

    (Environmental Health Behaviour Lab, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
    Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2649-028 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Astrid Moura Vicente

    (Departamento de Promoção da Saúde e Prevenção de Doenças Não-Transmissíveis, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
    BioISI–Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal)

  • Maria João Heitor

    (Environmental Health Behaviour Lab, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
    Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
    Departamento de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, 2674-514 Loures, Portugal
    Sociedade Portuguesa de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, 1050-096 Lisboa, Portugal)

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic increased psychosocial risk factors among healthcare professionals (HCPs). Objective: To characterize Portuguese HCPs mental health (MH), estimate anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and burnout symptoms, and identify risk/protective factors. A cross-sectional online survey and a longitudinal assessment were conducted in 2020 (T0) and 2021 (T1). Sociodemographic and occupational variables, COVID-19-related experiences and protective behavior data were collected from a non-probabilistic sample of HCPs in Portugal. Symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD, burnout and resilience were assessed using the Portuguese versions of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-5), the Shirom–Melamed Burnout Measure (MBSM) and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), respectively. Risk and protective factors were identified through simple and multiple logistic regression models. Overall, 2027 participants answered the survey in T0 and 1843 in T1. The percentage of moderate-to-severe symptoms decreased from T0 to T1; however, a considerable proportion of HCPs reported symptoms of distress in both years. Being a woman, working in a COVID-19-treatment frontline position and work–life balance increased the odds of distress. High resilience, good social/family support, and hobbies/lifestyle maintenance were found to be protective factors. Globally, our results show that performing as a HCP during the pandemic may result in long-term effects on MH.

Suggested Citation

  • Alexandra Costa & Teresa Caldas de Almeida & Mónica Fialho & Célia Rasga & Hugo Martiniano & Osvaldo Santos & Ana Virgolino & Astrid Moura Vicente & Maria João Heitor, 2023. "Mental Health of Healthcare Professionals: Two Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-21, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:4:p:3131-:d:1064501
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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