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The Structure of Temperament in Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia

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  • Kasper Sipowicz

    (Department of Interdisciplinary Disability Studies, The Maria Grzegorzewska University in Warsaw, 02-353 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Kamila Łuczyńska

    (The Second Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Bartłomiej Bąk

    (The Second Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Kacper Deska

    (Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland)

  • Katarzyna Nowakowska-Domagała

    (Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychopathology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Lodz, 90-128 Lodz, Poland)

  • Tadeusz Pietras

    (The Second Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
    Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland)

  • Dorota Podgórska-Jachnik

    (Department of Educational Research, University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland)

  • Elżbieta Małujło-Balcerska

    (Department of Pneumonology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland)

  • Marcin Kosmalski

    (Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland)

Abstract

The onset of schizophrenia symptoms usually occurs in early youth. As a result, the parents of these patients usually become their caregivers. The role of a caregiver for a person with schizophrenia is a considerable mental and physical burden. Therefore, an interesting issue is what motivates these people to take up this challenge. It is probable that, apart from the moral imperative or kinship, the factor determining this decision is the personality structure of the caregiver. The aim of our study was to compare the structure of temperament (according to the model of temperament as formal characteristics of behavior developed by Jan Strelau) in caregivers of young adults (age 18–25 years) with schizophrenia with the structure of temperament of parents of healthy young adults still living in the family home under their care. The study group consisted of 64 people (51 women), who were taking care of young adults (aged 18–25 years) with schizophrenia, while the control group (53 people, 42 women) consisted of parents of healthy adults still living in the family home. Both groups were asked to complete a questionnaire of the authors’ own design on their demographic data as well as The Formal Characteristics of Behavior—Temperament Inventory to assess the temperament traits. The results were given in the number of points obtained on average in each dimension. Both groups did not differ in terms of size and age, with women predominating. Caregivers of young adults with schizophrenia had higher values of briskness (43.22 ± 4.45 vs. 42.90 ± 3.98, p = 0.032), emotional reactivity (46.02 ± 4.39 vs. 41.01 ± 3.12, p = 0.012) and activity level (44.01.89 ± 4.15 vs. 37.59 ± 4.77, p = 0.022) compared to the control group. The remaining dimensions of temperament: perseverance, sensory sensitivity, rhythmicity, and endurance did not differentiate between the two groups. The temperament structure of caregivers of young people with schizophrenia differs from the temperament structure of caregivers of healthy adults. Caregivers of sick people have higher values of briskness, emotional reactivity, and activity level compared to the control group.

Suggested Citation

  • Kasper Sipowicz & Kamila Łuczyńska & Bartłomiej Bąk & Kacper Deska & Katarzyna Nowakowska-Domagała & Tadeusz Pietras & Dorota Podgórska-Jachnik & Elżbieta Małujło-Balcerska & Marcin Kosmalski, 2023. "The Structure of Temperament in Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-10, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:3:p:2119-:d:1045561
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Marziyeh Khoshgoftar & Anahita Khodabakhshi-Koolaee & Mohammad Reza Sheikhi, 2022. "Analysis of the early mother-child relationship in schizophrenic patients," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 68(3), pages 548-554, May.
    2. Alessandra De Rose & Filomena Racioppi & Anna Laura Zanatta, 2008. "Italy: Delayed adaptation of social institutions to changes in family behaviour," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 19(19), pages 665-704.
    3. Sherien Ahmed Khalil & Amira Naseeb Elbatrawy & Nermin Mohamed Saleh & Dalia Abdel Moniem Mahmoud, 2022. "The burden of care and burn out syndrome in caregivers of an Egyptian sample of schizophrenia patients," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 68(3), pages 619-627, May.
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