IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v20y2023i10p5763-d1142755.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Risk Assessment and Source Apportionment of Metals on Atmospheric Particulate Matter in a Suburban Background Area of Gran Canaria (Spain)

Author

Listed:
  • Yumara Martín-Cruz

    (Independent Researcher, 35480 Agaete, Spain)

  • Álvaro Gómez-Losada

    (Departament of Quantitative Methods, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Avda de las Universidades s/n, 41704 Dos Hermanas, Spain)

Abstract

Concentration levels of 11 heavy metals were analyzed in PM 10 and PM 2.5 samples from a suburban area frequently affected by Saharan dust in which is located a school. The heavy metals risk assessment was carried out by the 2011 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency method, estimating the chronic and carcinogenic hazard levels both in adults and children. The highest level of chronic hazard was reached for Cr, with values of approximately 8 (PM 10 , adulthood), 2 (PM 10 , childhood) and 1.5 (PM 2.5 , adult age), significantly exceeding the limit value (equal to 1). Regarding the carcinogenic risk level, it was also high for Cr, with values between 10 − 3 and 10 − 1 for both study populations and particle size. For the rest of the studied metals, no health risk levels of concern were obtained. The positive matrix factorization method was used for the estimation of heavy metal emission sources apportionment. Non-exhaust vehicle emissions were the main source of Cr emissions under PM 2.5 , while industrial processes were the main source for PM 10 . Mineral dust and marine aerosol were common emission sources for both particles sizes—with different contributions. Vehicle emissions, construction and agricultural activities were the main emission sources for PM 10 , and fossil fuel combustion, road dust re-suspension and ammonium sulfate were for PM 2.5 . The results obtained in this study support the need to continue applying mitigation measures in suburban areas which are affected by nearby anthropogenic emissions, causing the consequent emission of materials hazardous to human health.

Suggested Citation

  • Yumara Martín-Cruz & Álvaro Gómez-Losada, 2023. "Risk Assessment and Source Apportionment of Metals on Atmospheric Particulate Matter in a Suburban Background Area of Gran Canaria (Spain)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(10), pages 1-18, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:10:p:5763-:d:1142755
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/10/5763/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/10/5763/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Haseeb Tufail Moryani & Shuqiong Kong & Jiangkun Du & Jianguo Bao, 2020. "Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Accumulated on PM 2.5 Fractioned Road Dust from Two Cities of Pakistan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-21, September.
    2. Yoram J. Kaufman & Didier Tanré & Olivier Boucher, 2002. "A satellite view of aerosols in the climate system," Nature, Nature, vol. 419(6903), pages 215-223, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Neha Shaw & A. K. Gorai, 2020. "Study of aerosol optical depth using satellite data (MODIS Aqua) over Indian Territory and its relation to particulate matter concentration," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 22(1), pages 265-279, January.
    2. Bassam Tawabini & Mubarak Al-Enazi & Mansour A. Alghamdi & Ashraf Farahat & Ahsan M. Shemsi & Marwan Y. Al Sharif & Mamdouh I. Khoder, 2023. "Potentially Harmful Elements Associated with Dust of Mosques: Pollution Status, Sources, and Human Health Risks," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-30, February.
    3. Tianhao Zhang & Gang Liu & Zhongmin Zhu & Wei Gong & Yuxi Ji & Yusi Huang, 2016. "Real-Time Estimation of Satellite-Derived PM 2.5 Based on a Semi-Physical Geographically Weighted Regression Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-13, September.
    4. Tianhao Zhang & Wei Gong & Wei Wang & Yuxi Ji & Zhongmin Zhu & Yusi Huang, 2016. "Ground Level PM 2.5 Estimates over China Using Satellite-Based Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) Models Are Improved by Including NO 2 and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-12, December.
    5. Prasad, Abhnil Amtesh & Nishant, Nidhi & Kay, Merlinde, 2022. "Dust cycle and soiling issues affecting solar energy reductions in Australia using multiple datasets," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 310(C).
    6. Zhen Wang & Jianguo Bao & Tong Wang & Haseeb Tufail Moryani & Wei Kang & Jin Zheng & Changlin Zhan & Wensheng Xiao, 2021. "Hazardous Heavy Metals Accumulation and Health Risk Assessment of Different Vegetable Species in Contaminated Soils from a Typical Mining City, Central China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-18, March.
    7. Mushtaq Ahmad & Jing Chen & Qing Yu & Muhammad Tariq Khan & Syed Weqas Ali & Asim Nawab & Worradorn Phairuang & Sirima Panyametheekul, 2023. "Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals (EPFRs) of PM 2.5 in Lahore, Pakistan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-16, January.
    8. Suman Moparthy & Dominique Carrer & Xavier Ceamanos, 2019. "Can We Detect the Brownness or Greenness of the Congo Rainforest Using Satellite-Derived Surface Albedo? A Study on the Role of Aerosol Uncertainties," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-21, March.
    9. Cheng Chen & Oleg Dubovik & Gregory L. Schuster & Mian Chin & Daven K. Henze & Tatyana Lapyonok & Zhengqiang Li & Yevgeny Derimian & Ying Zhang, 2022. "Multi-angular polarimetric remote sensing to pinpoint global aerosol absorption and direct radiative forcing," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    10. Brigitte Mueller & Xuebin Zhang, 2016. "Causes of drying trends in northern hemispheric land areas in reconstructed soil moisture data," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 134(1), pages 255-267, January.
    11. Wei Wang & Zengxin Pan & Feiyue Mao & Wei Gong & Longjiao Shen, 2017. "Evaluation of VIIRS Land Aerosol Model Selection with AERONET Measurements," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-12, September.
    12. B. Padmakumari & A. Jaswal & B. Goswami, 2013. "Decrease in evaporation over the Indian monsoon region: implication on regional hydrological cycle," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 121(4), pages 787-799, December.
    13. Xiang-Dong Chen & En-Hui Wang & Long-Kun Shan & Shao-Chun Zhang & Ce Feng & Yu Zheng & Yang Dong & Guang-Can Guo & Fang-Wen Sun, 2023. "Quantum enhanced radio detection and ranging with solid spins," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-8, December.
    14. Liang Cheng & Long Li & Longqian Chen & Sai Hu & Lina Yuan & Yunqiang Liu & Yifan Cui & Ting Zhang, 2019. "Spatiotemporal Variability and Influencing Factors of Aerosol Optical Depth over the Pan Yangtze River Delta during the 2014–2017 Period," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-25, September.
    15. Pura Marín-Sanleandro & María José Delgado-Iniesta & Anthony Felipe Sáenz-Segovia & Antonio Sánchez-Navarro, 2023. "Spatial Identification and Hotspots of Ecological Risk from Heavy Metals in Urban Dust in the City of Cartagena, SE Spain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-20, December.
    16. Wenbing Luo & Zhongping Deng & Shihu Zhong & Mingjun Deng, 2022. "Trends, Issues and Future Directions of Urban Health Impact Assessment Research: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-23, May.
    17. Xiankang Xu & Kaifang Shi & Zhongyu Huang & Jingwei Shen, 2023. "What Factors Dominate the Change of PM 2.5 in the World from 2000 to 2019? A Study from Multi-Source Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-28, January.
    18. Zhiyuan Fang & Hao Yang & Ye Cao & Kunming Xing & Dong Liu & Ming Zhao & Chenbo Xie, 2021. "Study of Persistent Pollution in Hefei during Winter Revealed by Ground-Based LiDAR and the CALIPSO Satellite," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-14, January.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:10:p:5763-:d:1142755. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.