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Hazardous Heavy Metals Accumulation and Health Risk Assessment of Different Vegetable Species in Contaminated Soils from a Typical Mining City, Central China

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  • Zhen Wang

    (School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
    Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environment Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China)

  • Jianguo Bao

    (School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China)

  • Tong Wang

    (School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China)

  • Haseeb Tufail Moryani

    (School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China)

  • Wei Kang

    (Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environment Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China)

  • Jin Zheng

    (Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environment Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China)

  • Changlin Zhan

    (Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environment Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China)

  • Wensheng Xiao

    (Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environment Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China)

Abstract

Heavy metal poisoning has caused serious and widespread human tragedies via the food chain. To alleviate heavy metal pollution, particular attention should be paid to low accumulating vegetables and crops. In this study, the concentrations of five hazardous heavy metals (HMs), including copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) were determined from soils, vegetables, and crops near four typical mining and smelting zones. Nemerow’s synthetical pollution index (P n ), Potential ecological risk index (RI), and Geo-accumulation index (I geo ) were used to characterize the pollution degrees. The results showed that soils near mining and metal smelting zones were heavily polluted by Cu, Cd, As, and Pb. The total excessive rate followed a decreasing order of Cd (80.00%) > Cu (61.11%) > As (45.56%) > Pb (32.22%) > Cr (0.00%). Moreover, sources identification indicated that Cu, Pb, Cd, and As may originate from anthropogenic activities, while Cr may originate from parent materials. The exceeding rates of Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd, and As were 6.7%, 6.7%, 66.7%, 80.0%, and 26.7% among the vegetable and crop species, respectively. Particularly, vegetables like tomatoes, bell peppers, white radishes, and asparagus, revealed low accumulation characteristics. In addition, the hazard index (HI) for vegetables and crops of four zones was greater than 1, revealing a higher risk to the health of local children near the mine and smelter. However, the solanaceous fruit has a low-risk index (HI), indicating that it is a potentially safe vegetable type.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhen Wang & Jianguo Bao & Tong Wang & Haseeb Tufail Moryani & Wei Kang & Jin Zheng & Changlin Zhan & Wensheng Xiao, 2021. "Hazardous Heavy Metals Accumulation and Health Risk Assessment of Different Vegetable Species in Contaminated Soils from a Typical Mining City, Central China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-18, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:5:p:2617-:d:511378
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Jun Yang & Fuhong Lv & Jingcheng Zhou & Yongwei Song & Fei Li, 2017. "Health Risk Assessment of Vegetables Grown on the Contaminated Soils in Daye City of Hubei Province, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-14, November.
    3. Guanghui Guo & Degang Zhang & Yuntao Wang, 2019. "Probabilistic Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Intake via Vegetable Consumption around Pb/Zn Smelters in Southwest China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-17, September.
    4. Haseeb Tufail Moryani & Shuqiong Kong & Jiangkun Du & Jianguo Bao, 2020. "Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Accumulated on PM 2.5 Fractioned Road Dust from Two Cities of Pakistan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-21, September.
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