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Health Risk Assessment of Vegetables Grown on the Contaminated Soils in Daye City of Hubei Province, China

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  • Jun Yang

    (Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
    Institute of Environmental Management and Policy, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
    School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China)

  • Fuhong Lv

    (Institute of Environmental Management and Policy, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
    School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China)

  • Jingcheng Zhou

    (Institute of Environmental Management and Policy, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
    School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China)

  • Yongwei Song

    (Institute of Environmental Management and Policy, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
    School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China)

  • Fei Li

    (Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China
    School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China)

Abstract

China is an agriculturally-producing country and the safety of its vegetables will have an extensive attention at home and abroad. Recently, contamination of soils and vegetables caused by mining activities is of great social concern because of the potential risk to human health, especially to the residents whom live near metal or metalloid mines. In this study, 18 topsoil and 141 vegetable samples were collected from the contaminated areas in Daye City Hubei Province, China and the concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were analyzed. A self-designed questionnaire was assigned to obtain the exposure scenario and the USEPA health risk assessment model was adopted to assess two type of risks (non-carcinogenic risks and carcinogenic risks) of vegetables to humans. The results showed that the average contents of metal(loid)s in soils exceeded the background value of Daye City. The average contents of metal(loid)s, especially As, Cd, Pb, in three kinds of vegetables were significantly higher than the permissible values based on Chinese national standard. Leafy vegetables had relatively higher concentrations and the transfer factors of As (0.015), Cd (0.080) and Pb (0.003) were comparable to leguminous and fruit vegetables. Leguminous vegetables had relatively higher concentrations and transfer factors of Cu (0.032) and Zn (0.094) than leafy and fruit vegetables. The transfer factors from soil to plants follows a decreasing order as Cd (0.068), Zn (0.047) > Cu (0.023) > As (0.006), Pb (0.002). Furthermore, health risk assessment revealed the following results: the non-carcinogenic risk decreased in the order of children, adult, adolescent, while the carcinogenic risk followed a decreasing order of adult, adolescent, children; the calculated carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of the metal(loid)s by vegetable consumption decreased in the order of leafy vegetables > fruit vegetables > leguminous vegetables. The relatively lower transfer factors and lower risks may suggest that leguminous and fruit vegetables are more suitable for planting in Daye City. Based on the contributions of five kinds of metal(loid)s from three types of vegetables, Cd and As are found to be the dominant sources of health risk.

Suggested Citation

  • Jun Yang & Fuhong Lv & Jingcheng Zhou & Yongwei Song & Fei Li, 2017. "Health Risk Assessment of Vegetables Grown on the Contaminated Soils in Daye City of Hubei Province, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-14, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:9:y:2017:i:11:p:2141-:d:119658
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chi Zhang, 2017. "Population in China," Europe-Asia Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 69(8), pages 1333-1334, September.
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    1. Petru Cârdei & Cătălina Tudora & Valentin Vlăduț & Mirabela Augustina Pruteanu & Iuliana Găgeanu & Dan Cujbescu & Despina-Maria Bordean & Nicoleta Ungureanu & George Ipate & Oana Diana Cristea, 2021. "Mathematical Model to Simulate the Transfer of Heavy Metals from Soil to Plant," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-18, May.
    2. Ayanda N. Shabalala & Phumelele D. Ngwenya & Moses Timana, 2022. "Heavy Metal Contamination and Health Risk of Soils and Vegetables Grown Near a Gold Mine Area: A Case Study of Barberton, South Africa," Academic Journal of Chemistry, Academic Research Publishing Group, vol. 8(3), pages 197-207, 07-2022.
    3. Asma Shaheen & Javed Iqbal, 2018. "Spatial Distribution and Mobility Assessment of Carcinogenic Heavy Metals in Soil Profiles Using Geostatistics and Random Forest, Boruta Algorithm," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-20, March.
    4. Zhen Wang & Jianguo Bao & Tong Wang & Haseeb Tufail Moryani & Wei Kang & Jin Zheng & Changlin Zhan & Wensheng Xiao, 2021. "Hazardous Heavy Metals Accumulation and Health Risk Assessment of Different Vegetable Species in Contaminated Soils from a Typical Mining City, Central China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-18, March.

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