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Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Accumulated on PM 2.5 Fractioned Road Dust from Two Cities of Pakistan

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  • Haseeb Tufail Moryani

    (School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China)

  • Shuqiong Kong

    (School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China)

  • Jiangkun Du

    (School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China)

  • Jianguo Bao

    (School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China)

Abstract

The aim of this study is to identify and investigate levels of toxic heavy metals in PM 2.5 fractioned road dust to better understand the associated inhalation risk and potential health impacts. To achieve this aim, concentrations of seven traffic generated heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Sb, and Cr) were determined in the PM 2.5 fraction of road dust samples from four different locations (offices, residential, hospital, and school) in two cities (Karachi and Shikarpur) of Pakistan using ICP-MS. The average concentration values of heavy metals in Karachi were as follows: 332.9 mg/kg Cu, 426.6 mg/kg Pb, 4254.4 mg/kg Zn, 62.3 mg/kg Cd, 389.7 mg/kg Ni, 70.4 mg/kg Sb, 148.1 mg/kg Cr, whereas the average concentration values of heavy metals in Shikarpur were 245.8 mg/kg Cu, 538.4 mg/kg Pb, 8351.0 mg/kg Zn, 57.6 mg/kg Cd, 131.7 mg/kg Ni, 314.5 mg/kg Sb, 346.6 mg/kg Cr. The pollution level was assessed through two pollution indices enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (I geo ). These indices showed moderate to extreme level pollution in studied areas of both cities. The health risk assessment through inhalation contact was conducted according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (USEPA) model for children and adults. Both non-cancerous and cancerous risks were characterised in the road dust samples for each location. As yet, there is not a single study on the concentrations of heavy metals in PM 2.5 fractions of road dust in Karachi and Shikarpur, findings of this research will facilitate researchers for further investigations in current field.

Suggested Citation

  • Haseeb Tufail Moryani & Shuqiong Kong & Jiangkun Du & Jianguo Bao, 2020. "Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Accumulated on PM 2.5 Fractioned Road Dust from Two Cities of Pakistan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-21, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:19:p:7124-:d:421287
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hyun-Min Hwang & Matthew J. Fiala & Dongjoo Park & Terry L. Wade, 2016. "Review of pollutants in urban road dust and stormwater runoff: part 1. Heavy metals released from vehicles," International Journal of Urban Sciences, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(3), pages 334-360, September.
    2. Abbas Ali Chandio & Yuansheng Jiang & Abdul Rehman, 2018. "Credit margin of investment in the agricultural sector and credit fungibility: the case of smallholders of district Shikarpur, Sindh, Pakistan," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 4(1), pages 1-10, December.
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    2. Yumara Martín-Cruz & Álvaro Gómez-Losada, 2023. "Risk Assessment and Source Apportionment of Metals on Atmospheric Particulate Matter in a Suburban Background Area of Gran Canaria (Spain)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(10), pages 1-18, May.
    3. Wenbing Luo & Zhongping Deng & Shihu Zhong & Mingjun Deng, 2022. "Trends, Issues and Future Directions of Urban Health Impact Assessment Research: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-23, May.
    4. Bassam Tawabini & Mubarak Al-Enazi & Mansour A. Alghamdi & Ashraf Farahat & Ahsan M. Shemsi & Marwan Y. Al Sharif & Mamdouh I. Khoder, 2023. "Potentially Harmful Elements Associated with Dust of Mosques: Pollution Status, Sources, and Human Health Risks," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-30, February.
    5. Zhen Wang & Jianguo Bao & Tong Wang & Haseeb Tufail Moryani & Wei Kang & Jin Zheng & Changlin Zhan & Wensheng Xiao, 2021. "Hazardous Heavy Metals Accumulation and Health Risk Assessment of Different Vegetable Species in Contaminated Soils from a Typical Mining City, Central China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-18, March.
    6. Mushtaq Ahmad & Jing Chen & Qing Yu & Muhammad Tariq Khan & Syed Weqas Ali & Asim Nawab & Worradorn Phairuang & Sirima Panyametheekul, 2023. "Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals (EPFRs) of PM 2.5 in Lahore, Pakistan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-16, January.

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