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Effect of Pharmaceutical Sludge Pre-Treatment with Fenton/Fenton-like Reagents on Toxicity and Anaerobic Digestion Efficiency

Author

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  • Joanna Kazimierowicz

    (Department of Water Supply and Sewage Systems, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland)

  • Marcin Dębowski

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland)

  • Marcin Zieliński

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland)

Abstract

Sewage sludge is successfully used in anaerobic digestion (AD). Although AD is a well-known, universal and widely recognized technology, there are factors that limit its widespread use, such as the presence of substances that are resistant to biodegradation, inhibit the fermentation process or are toxic to anaerobic microorganisms. Sewage sludge generated by the pharmaceutical sector is one such substance. Pharmaceutical sewage sludge (PSS) is characterized by high concentrations of biocides, including antibiotics and other compounds that have a negative effect on the anaerobic environment. The aim of the present research was to determine the feasibility of applying Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) harnessing Fenton’s (Fe 2+ /H 2 O 2 ) and Fenton-like (Fe 3+ /H 2 O 2 ) reaction to PSS pre-treatment prior to AD. The method was analyzed in terms of its impact on limiting PSS toxicity and improving methane fermentation. The use of AOP led to a significant reduction of PSS toxicity from 53.3 ± 5.1% to 35.7 ± 3.2%, which had a direct impact on the taxonomic structure of anaerobic bacteria, and thus influenced biogas production efficiency and methane content. Correlations were found between PSS toxicity and the presence of Archaea and biogas yields in the Fe 2+ /H 2 O 2 group. CH 4 production ranged from 363.2 ± 11.9 cm 3 CH 4 /g VS in the control PSS to approximately 450 cm 3 /g VS. This was 445.7 ± 21.6 cm 3 CH 4 /g VS (1.5 g Fe 2+ /dm 3 and 6.0 g H 2 O 2 /dm 3 ) and 453.6 ± 22.4 cm 3 CH 4 /g VS (2.0 g Fe 2+ /dm 3 and 8.0 g H 2 O 2 /dm 3 ). The differences between these variants were not statistically significant. Therefore, due to the economical use of chemical reagents, the optimal tested dose was 1.5 g Fe 2+ /6.0 g H 2 O 2 . The use of a Fenton-like reagent (Fe 3+ /H 2 O 2 ) resulted in lower AD efficiency (max. 393.7 ± 12.1 cm 3 CH 4 /g VS), and no strong linear relationships between the analyzed variables were found. It is, therefore, a more difficult method to estimate the final effects. Research has proven that AOP can be used to improve the efficiency of AD of PSS.

Suggested Citation

  • Joanna Kazimierowicz & Marcin Dębowski & Marcin Zieliński, 2022. "Effect of Pharmaceutical Sludge Pre-Treatment with Fenton/Fenton-like Reagents on Toxicity and Anaerobic Digestion Efficiency," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-22, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2022:i:1:p:271-:d:1013654
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Marcin Zieliński & Marcin Dębowski & Joanna Kazimierowicz, 2021. "The Effect of Static Magnetic Field on Methanogenesis in the Anaerobic Digestion of Municipal Sewage Sludge," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-16, January.
    2. Yao, Yao & Huang, Gordon & An, Chunjiang & Chen, Xiujuan & Zhang, Peng & Xin, Xiaying & Jian Shen, & Agnew, Joy, 2020. "Anaerobic digestion of livestock manure in cold regions: Technological advancements and global impacts," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    3. Zamri, M.F.M.A. & Hasmady, Saiful & Akhiar, Afifi & Ideris, Fazril & Shamsuddin, A.H. & Mofijur, M. & Fattah, I. M. Rizwanul & Mahlia, T.M.I., 2021. "A comprehensive review on anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    4. Gabriele Di Giacomo & Pietro Romano, 2022. "Evolution and Prospects in Managing Sewage Sludge Resulting from Municipal Wastewater Purification," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-33, August.
    5. Omar Israel González Peña & Miguel Ángel López Zavala & Héctor Cabral Ruelas, 2021. "Pharmaceuticals Market, Consumption Trends and Disease Incidence Are Not Driving the Pharmaceutical Research on Water and Wastewater," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-37, March.
    6. Joanna Kazimierowicz & Marcin Zieliński & Izabela Bartkowska & Marcin Dębowski, 2022. "Effect of Acid Whey Pretreatment Using Ultrasonic Disintegration on the Removal of Organic Compounds and Anaerobic Digestion Efficiency," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-20, September.
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    1. Joanna Kazimierowicz & Marcin Dębowski & Marcin Zieliński, 2023. "Technological, Ecological, and Energy-Economic Aspects of Using Solidified Carbon Dioxide for Aerobic Granular Sludge Pre-Treatment Prior to Anaerobic Digestion," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-21, February.

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